The Classification Of Fundamental Movement Skills

The Classification Of first harmonic Movement SkillsThe objective of this paper to obtain a literature review on fundamental transaction skills and too to use the integrated approach of qualitative analysis of human move to study the FMS performed by the tike subject.The definition of FMSFundamental movement skills atomic number 18 movement patterns that involve different body parts such(prenominal) as the legs, arms, t causek and head. Fundamental movement skills ar the building blocks for playing games, sports, dance, gymnastics, outdoor education and somatogenic recreation activities. The twelve common skills are balancing, running, jumping, catching, hopping, throwing, galloping, skipping, leaping, kicking, striking and dodging (Steps PD ,2007).The Classification of FMSSkills have many characteristics that can change in different environment, which makes classifying them difficult. In general, the Skill classification systems are found on the view that get skills are affected by three factorshow precise a movement iswhether the movement has a definite beginning and endwhether the environment affects the performance of the skill (Brian Mac Sport Coach,1997)In this assignment, we leave behind only look at undetermined and Closed skill classification.Open/Closed SkillOpen skill is refers to the environment is constantly changing and so movements have to be continually adapted. therefore, skills are predominantly perceptual and mostly externally paced sports want Football is usually involve open skills.Close skill take place in a st competent, predictable environment and the performer knows exactly what to do. These skills are non affected by the environment and tend to be habitual. Movements follow set patterns and have a clear beginning and end. The skills tend to be self-paced, for example a free throw in Basketball.The importance and relevance of developing FMS in childrenFundamental motor skills provide a support base of movement from whi ch more advanced skills can be developed. A child individual whose fundamental motor skills are not properly developed testament not have a foundation upon which to build proficient movement forms. For example if a child is not able to balance, run, jump, throw, kick, strike, he get out not be able to develop proficiency in playing soccer.The factors effecting the development of FMSImpairmentIndividuals with inherited impairment will have a significant constraint on the upper limit of performance attainable there is no guarantee of success for an individual stock-still with extensive and intensive circumstantial practice. For example, one legged individual will definitely not able to dribble a soccer ball on the field.Social economic statusStudies from WHO have showed that countries with higher(prenominal) socioeconomic status care UK, USA, Australia will have heavier or overweight kids who grow faster that those with set down socioeconomic status, for example in UK, a 3 year s old kid are 1/2 taller than other countries like Laos. These overweight kids will usually spent more time on watching television than exercise hence studies have shown that these kids tend to be less competent in the skill of running than non-overweight (Informa Health , 2010).CulturalThis refers to cultural restriction in certain countries that do not allow individual to play or percolate certain sports. Example, in middle countries like Iran be thrust of its strict Islamic dress code, women are not allow to reveal any parts of the body such as governance, go on and leg. This prohibits women gymnast in Iran to compete internationally, hence gymnastics is not a popular sport for women in Iran at all.EnvironmentalEnvironmental constraints is refers to family or social support. Individual can reacts in many different ways to such constraints. This could either motivate an individual to greater heights or cause a dumper on the promising sport careers.SchoolSchool with good coachin g coach or teacher, sport science support, training equipment and facilities will usually have a positive impact on the individuals development of FMS as compared to those do not have. In Singapore this year another 9 primary schools and 6 secondary schools have been awarded the Program for School-Based Excellence and Niche Program status respectively. The awards aim to encourage greater diversity in schools by helping them to develop their strengths and unique niches. Students would have a more enriched educational experience by having more opportunities to grow in different areas of excellence like Sports.Assessment of FMSThe assessment of movement skill is a comminuted component of many disciplines, In particular, the accurate information about the skill level of individual. There are several different ways to measure childrens performance of FMS, each with advantages and disadvantages, namely Quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative assessment approaches involve measuring the product or outcome of the performance. Qualitative assessment focuses on the form or technique of the movement, namely how the skill is performed (Dr Beth Hands). The 4 stages of qualitative analysis of human movement pen by Knudson and Morrison are Preparation, Observation, Evaluation and Diagnosis and discourse (Duane V. Knudson Craig S. Morrison, 2002).PreparationThe 1st of the 4 tasks of qualitative analysis is preparation. Kinesiology staff preparing for qualitative analysis must have some friendship on the activity or movement, the performers, and able to give effective instruction as such professionals must continuously update their knowledge in all of these areas.In this prove, the subject chosen is a 10 year old kid studying in a neighborhood school. He has no specialize training on athletics except from attending physical education lesson during school time. The critical features of the running movement suggested are as followPreparatory, Runners to your markHands si deways at starting lineStronger floor forwardOpposite knee joint by opposite toe footHead up and eyes looking forward about 2 feetPreparatory, Get SetRear end raises up, butt is a little higher then shouldersSlowly raise to a standing positionHead up and eyesExecution, GoLands on ball of the footHead stableTrunk stableEyes foc utilise forwardElbows bent at 90 Arms drive forward and back in opposition to the legsNon-support knee bends at least 90 during the recovery phaseObservational strategyThe 2nd task of qualitative analysis is observation. The observation for this experiment is based on a systematic observational strategy (SOS) to gather information about the critical features of a movement. An SOS can be organized based on the phases or sequence of the movement by balance or base of support, by the importance of critical features, or from a general impression to specific aspects of performance. The key elements of an SOS areTo focus attention,Control the situation so to opti mize observation and the subjects performance, use variety of sensory information and the interaction of all the senses, not just vision for observation.Plan vantage points, viewing distances and numbers of observations,Plan the number of observations,Extend observational power using tools such as inert motion video replay.In this experiment, the observation is done by phases of the running movement. The 3 phases for the running movement observed are preparation, execution and follow through. A simple criteria sheet was developed to record the details of the observation in Appendix 1. Critical elements and observation remarks for the running movement were also detailed in Appendix 1.Evaluation and diagnosis of performance (The 3rd task of qualitative analysis of human movement is the evaluation and the diagnosis of performance. The analyst must respect the strengths and weakness of the movements critical features. The process of diagnosis involves prioritizing the strengths and we aknesses so that intervention can be selected to improve performance. There are 6 rationales that may be used to prioritize interventionRelating actions to previous actions,Maximizing improvement,Making the easiest corrections first (working in order of difficulty),Correcting in sequence,Moving upward from the base of support,Fixing critical features first.In this experiment, the evaluation done for the subject is as followThe strengthThe subject is able to stand at the stronger foot forward before he runs he is able to keep his eyes focused while is going forward. His truck is stable, and he is able to keep his elbows bent at 900 during the run. He is able to keep his arms swinging forward and back in opposition to the legs. He is able to land on ball of the foot or heels when he is running.The weaknessThe subject is not able to keep his head looking forward when he runs. His head is also tilt upwards this may cut his neck during the run. He tends to speed very fast during the ini tial stage of the run, and he gets very tired before he can finish the run. When he is running, he tends to open his hands, this has created more winds resistance (known as dragging).Validity and Reliability of the observationValidity is refers to the extent which a variable has been adequately measured, in the experiment conducted, the critical features of the running movement are captured using a video cam and it is later analyzed repeatedly using video playback, hence both the face validity and content validity relating to the running were captured and observed.Reliability refers to the extent to which any measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials. In the experiment conducted, intra-rater dependability was observed because the different experiment was conducted by the same analyst. In addition, Inter-rater reliability was also observed because the same subject was used in different trials.Intervention (Strategies for improving performance)The 4th task of qua litative analysis is the provision of some intervention to help the performer improve. Intervention includes traditional augment verbal feedback like using specific inspire word or phrase for intervention and other methods such as using visual models, exaggeration, task modification, manual guidance, conditioning, attentional cueing, ecological intervention to teach and train a person to move better. Another consideration for those who wish to improve performance is the use of positive call during feedbacks and in language that is age-appropriate or specific to the individual.So in this experiment, a variety of approaches of intervention are used for the subject for the 2 weakness as observed in the last topic.The use of age-appropriate cues when teaching the subject to close his hands when he run, example to tell the subject do not run like a duck, must close his hands.Demonstration by the instructors will be effective, because most people have a visual learning style. use video s replays from the gold standards or poster of the key body positions in running will also effective.Through manual guidance by holding the subjects hand in specific position to give the subject a feel for the actual position or action or to ask subject to occlude on command so that the coach can manually change the subjects hand posture.Attentional cueing can involve the coach providing intervention as cue words to guide the subsequent performance. Cue words use like Close hands, should focus on the actions of the movement and teach the subject to become more aware of the movement.ConclusionFundamental motor skills provide a wide base of movement abilities where more advanced skills can be developed. A child whose fundamental motor skills are not amply developed will not have a foundation upon which to build proficient movement forms. exploitation an integrated approach of qualitative analysis of human movement through preparation, observation, evaluation, diagnosis, intervention , coaches and teachers will able to improve the movement of the children.ReferencesSteps PD (2007). Foundation movement skill. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http//www.steps-pd.co.uk/fms.htmBrian Mac Sport Coach (1997). Skill Classification. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http//www.brianmac.co.uk/continuum.htmInforma Health (2010).International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http//informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/17477160903271971Dr Beth Hands. How can we best measure Fundamental Movement Skills. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http//escalate.ac.uk/downloads/6831.pdfAD Okely ML Booth (2004). Mastery of fundamental movement skills among children in New South Wales prevalence and sociodemographic distribution. Retrieved May 24, 2010 http//www.jsams.org/article/S1440-2440(04)80031-8/abstract.Duane V. Knudson Craig S. Morrison (2002). Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement. Champaign IL Human kinetics.