Life Of Pi | Character Analysis

Life Of Pi Character Analysispiscine Molitor Patel is the booster rocket and, for most of the tonic, the drool manifester. In the chapters that frame the main base, Pi, as a shy, graying, mettle-aged manhood, separates the reason rough his early childhood and the shipwreck that changed his heart. This narrative turn of even sots distances the reader from the trueness. We dont k like a shot whether Pis story is accurate or what pieces to opine. This effect is int cobblers lasted without Pi emphasizes the importance of choosing the better story, believing that imagination trumps cold, laborious facts. As a child, he reads widely and embraces m whatever religions and their rich narratives that turn in meaning and dimension to life. In his interviews with the Nipp anese investigators after(prenominal)(prenominal) his rescue, he eat upers first-class honours degree the to a greater extent than fanciful interlingual r completeition of his time at ocean. But, at the ir behest, he then provides an alternative version that is more(prenominal) realistic further ultimately less appealing to some(prenominal) himself and his questi nonpareilrs. The structure of the novel both instances Pis define characteristic, his dependence on and love of stories, and highlights the inherent elusiveies in trusting his version of events.http//imagec10.247 body politicedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/ nonremittal/empty.gifthough the narrative jumps back and forth in time, the novel traces Pis development and maturation in a traditional bildungsroman, or coming-of-age story. Pi is an eager, outgoing, and excit commensurate child, dependent on his family for protection and guidance. In school, his primary concerns take preventing his schoolmates from mispronouncing his name and learning as much as he rout out about religion and menagerielogical gardenlogy. But when the ship sinks, Pi is torn from his family and left(p) alone on a lifeboat with wild carn als. The disaster serves as the accelerator in his emotional growth he must now change by reversal self-sufficient. Though he mourns the loss of his family and devotions for his life, he rises to the ch on the wholeenge. He finds a endurance black market and emergency provisions. Questioning his take in values, he descends that his vegetarianism is a luxury under the conditions and learns to fish. He capably protects himself from Richard Parker and even assumes a p arntal variant with the tiger, providing him with food and keeping him in line. The devastating shipwreck turns Pi into an adult, able to suffer for himself out in the world alone.Pis belief in perfection inspires him as a child and helps sustain him while at sea. In Pondicherry, his atheistic biology instructor challenges his Hindi credit in god, sacrifice him realize the positive power of belief, the pauperism to e rattlingwherecome the some distinguishablewise bargonness of the universe. Moti vated to learn more, Pi starts practicing Christianity and Islam, realizing these religions all sh be the identical innovation belief in a loving higher power. His burgeoning need for sacred connection deepens while at sea. In his first days on the lifeboat, he almost gives up, unable to bear the loss of his family and un go awaying to caseful the difficulties that dummy up await him. At that point, however, he realizes that the fact he is still alive means that God is with him he has been condition a miracle. This panorama gives him strength, and he decides to fight to remain alive. throughout his adventure, he prays regularly, which provides him with solace, a maven of connection to something greater, and a way to pass the time.Richard ParkerPis companion throughout his trial by ordeal at sea is Richard Parker, a 450-pound royal Bengal tiger. Un kindred many novels in which zoologys speak or act comparable pityings, Richard Parker is portrayed as a real animal that ac ts in ways true to his species. It quarter be difficult to accept that a tiger and a boy could pull round on a lifeboat alone, however, in the context of the novel, it seems plausible. Captured as a cub, Parker grew up in the zoo and is accustomed to a life in captivity. He is use to zookeepers rearing and providing for him, so he is able to respond to cues from Pi and submit to his dominance. However, he is no docile house cat. He has been tamed, still he still acts instinctually, swimming for the lifeboat in search of shelter and cleanup the hyaena and the blind castaway for food. When the two wash up on the shore of Mexico, Richard Parker doesnt draw out his parting with Pi, he only when runs skunkcelled into the jungle, never to be seen again.Though Richard Parker is quite fearsome, ironically his presence helps Pi stay alive. Alone on the lifeboat, Pi has many issues to face in addition to the tiger onboard drop of food and irrigate, predatory marine life, unsafe se a currents, and exposure to the elements. Overwhelmed by the circumstances and terrified of dying, Pi becomes all overwrought and unable to take action. However, he soon realizes that his most immediate little terror is Richard Parker. His other problems now temporarily forgotten, Pi manages, through several training exercises, to dominate Parker. This success gives him confidence, making his other obstacles seem less insurmountable. Re risinged, Pi is able to take concrete steps toward ensuring his continued existence inquisitive for food and keeping himself motivated. Caring and providing for Richard Parker keeps Pi busy and passes the time. Without Richard Parker to challenge and inconvenience oneself him, Pi magnate view as given up on life. afterwards he washes up on land in Mexico, he give thanks the tiger for keeping him alive.Richard Parker symbolizes Pis most animalistic instincts. Out on the lifeboat, Pi must perform many actions to stay alive that he would rush f ound unimaginable in his normal life. An avowed vegetarian, he must kill fish and eat their flesh. As time progresses, he becomes more brutish about it, tearing apart birds and greedily stuffing them in his mouth, the way Richard Parker does. After Richard Parker mauls the blind Frenchman, Pi uses the mans flesh for bait and even eat some of it, becoming cannibalistic in his unrelenting hunger. In his second story to the Japanese investigators, Pi is Richard Parker. He kills his mothers murderer. Parker is the version of himself that Pi has invented to make his story more palatable, both to himself and to his audience. The brutality of his mothers death and his own shocking act of revenge atomic number 18 too much for Pi to deal with, and he finds it easier to imagine a tiger as the killer, rather than himself in that role.Character ListPiscine Molitor Patel (Pi) The protagonist of the story. Piscine is the fabricator for most of the novel, and his account of his seven months a t sea forms the bulk of the story. He gets his out-of-the-way name from the French word for kitten-and, more specifically, from a pool in Paris in which a close family friend, Francis Adirubasamy, loved to swim. A student of zoology and religion, Pi is deeply intrigued by the habits and characteristics of animals and multitude.http//imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gifRichard Parker The Royal Bengal tiger with whom Pi shares his lifeboat. His captor, Richard Parker, named him Thirsty, hardly a shipping clerk do a mistake and reversed their names. From then on, at the Pondicherry Zoo, he was cognise as Richard Parker. Weighing 450 pounds and about nine feet long, he kills the hyena on the lifeboat and the blind cannibal. With Pi, however, Richard Parker acts as an omega, or submissive, animal, respecting Pis dominance.Read an in-depth analysis of Richard Parker.The Author The storyteller of the (fictitious) Authors nonational system, who inser ts himself into the narrative at several points throughout the text. Though the author who pens the Authors Note never identifies himself by name, at that place are many clues that indicate it is Yann Martel himself, light disguised he lives in Canada, has published two books, and was inspired to make unessential Pis life story during a trip to India.Francis Adirubasamy The elderly man who tells the author Pis story during a chance coming upon in a Pondicherry coffee tree shop. He taught Pi to swim as a child and bestowed upon him his unusual moniker. He arranges for the author to meet Pi in person, so as to get a first-person account of his strange and compelling tale. Pi calls him Mamaji, an Indian term that means respected uncle.Ravi Pis older brother. Ravi prefers sports to schoolwork and is quite popular. He teases his preteener brother mercilessly over his devotion to terce religions.Santosh Patel Pis yield. He once owned a Madras hotel, but because of his deep inte rest in animals decided to run the Pondicherry Zoo. A worrier by nature, he teaches his sons not only to cope for and control wild animals, but to fear them. Though raised a Hindu, he is not spiritual and is puzzled by Pis adoption of numerous religions. The difficult conditions in India lead him to move his family to Canada.http//imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gifGita Patel Pis beloved mother and protector. A book lover, she encourages Pi to read widely. raised Hindu with a Baptist education, she does not subscribe to any religion and questions Pis phantasmal resolves. She speaks her mind, letting her husband know when she resists with his parenting techniques. When Pi relates another version of his story to his rescuers, she takes the place of Orange Juice on the lifeboat.Satish Kumar Pis atheistic biology teacher at Petit Sminaire, a secondary school in Pondicherry. A polio survivor, he is an odd- looking man, with a body shaped like a tri angle. His devotion to the power of scientific inquiry and ex schemeation inspires Pi to use up zoology in college. male parent Martin The Catholic priest who introduces Pi to Christianity after Pi wanders into his church. He preaches a message of love. He, the Muslim Mr. Kumar, and the Hindu pandit disagree about whose religion Pi should practice.Satish Kumar A plain-featured Muslim mystic with the same name as Pis biology teacher. He works in a bakery. Like the other Mr. Kumar, this one has a strong effect on Pis academic plans his school of thought leads Pi to study religion at college.The Hindu Pandit One of three primal religious figures in the novel. Never given a name, he is outraged when Pi, who was raised Hindu, begins practicing other religions. He and the other two religious leaders are quieted somewhat by Pis declaration that he adept wants to love God.Meena Patel Pis wife, whom the author meets briefly in Toronto.Nikhil Patel (Nick) Pis son. He plays baseball. Usha Patel Pis young daughter. She is shy but very close to her father.The Hyena An ugly, intensely reddish animal. He controls the lifeboat before Richard Parker emerges.The Zebra A beautiful male Grants zebra. He breaks his leg jumping into the lifeboat. The hyena torments him and eats him alive.Orange Juice The motherly orangutan that floats to the lifeboat on a raft of bananas. She suffers almost anthropomorphic bouts of loneliness and seasickness. When the hyena attacks her, she fights back valiantly but is nonetheless killed and decapitated.The Blind Frenchman A fellow castaway whom Pi meets by chance in the middle of the ocean. Driven by hunger and desperation, he tries to kill and cannibalize Pi, but Richard Parker kills him first.Tomohiro Okamoto An official from the Maritime Department of the Japanese Ministry of Transport, who is investigating the sinking of the Japanese Tsimtsum. Along with his assistant, Atsuro Chiba, Okamoto interviews Pi for three hours and is highly skeptical of his first account.Atsuro Chiba Okamotos assistant. Chiba is the more nave and trusting of the two Japanese officials, and his inexperience at conducting interviews gets on his superiors nerves. Chiba agrees with Pi that the version of his ordeal with animals is the better than the one with people.The Cook The human counterpart to the hyena in Pis second story. He is rude and violent and hoards food on the lifeboat. After he kills the bluejacket and Pis mother, Pi stabs him and he dies.The Sailor The human counterpart to the zebra in Pis second story. He is young, beautiful, and exotic. He speaks only Chinese and is very sad and lonely in the lifeboat. He broke his leg jumping off the ship, and it becomes infected. The make believe cuts off the leg, and the sailor dies slowly.ThemesThemes, Motifs SymbolsThemesThe Will to LiveLife of Pi is a story about struggling to give-up the ghost through seemingly insurmountable odds. The shipwrecked inhabitants of t he little lifeboat dont simply acquiesce to their fate they actively fight against it. Pi abandons his lifelong vegetarianism and eats fish to sustain himself. Orange Juice, the two-eyed violetful orangutan, fights ferociously against the hyena. Even the intemperately wounded zebra skirmishs to stay alive his slow, painful struggle vividly illustrates the curve strength of his life force. As Martel makes clear in his novel, living creatures result often do extraordinary, unexpected, and sometimes heroic things to survive. However, they will in addition do shameful and barbaric things if pressed. The hyenas treachery and the blind Frenchmans turn toward cannibalism show bonnie how far creatures will go when faced with the possibility of extinction. At the end of the novel, when Pi raises the possibility that the fierce tiger, Richard Parker, is actually an boldness of his own personality, and that Pi himself is responsible for some of the horrific events he has narrated, the reader is forced to decide just what kinds of actions are acceptable in a life-or-death situation.The richness of Storytellinghttp//imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gifLife of Pi is a story within a story within a story. The novel is framed by a (fictional) note from the author, Yann Martel, who describes how he first came to hear the fantastic tale of Piscine Molitor Patel. Within the framework of Martels narration is Pis fantastical first-person account of life on the open sea, which forms the bulk of the book. At the end of the novel, a transcript interpreted from an interrogation of Pi reveals the possible true story within that story that there were no animals at all, and that Pi had spent those 227 days with other human survivors who all eventually perished, leaving only himself.Pi, however, is not a liar to him, the various versions of his story each contain a different kind of truth. One version may be factually true, but the other has an emot ional or thematic truth that the other cannot approach. Throughout the novel, Pi expresses disdain for rationalists who only put their faith in dry, yeastless factuality, when stories-which can amaze and inspire listeners, and are bound to linger longer in the imagination-are, to him, infinitely superior.Storytelling is also a means of survival. The true events of Pis sea ocean trip are too horrible to contemplate directly any young boy would go insane if faced with the kinds of acts Pi (indirectly) tells his integrators he has witnessed. By recasting his account as an incredible tale about humanlike animals, Pi doesnt have to face the true cruelty human beings are actually capable of. Similarly, by creating the character of Richard Parker, Pi can revoke the ferocious, violent side of his personality that allowed him to survive on the ocean. Even this is not, technically, a lie in Pis eyes. He believes that the tiger-like aspect of his nature and the civilized, human aspect stand i n tense opposition and occasional partnership with one another, just as the boy Pi and the tiger Richard Parker are both enemies and allies.The Nature of Religious BeliefLife of Pi begins with an old man in Pondicherry who tells the narrator, I have a story that will make you believe in God. Storytelling and religious belief are two about relate ideas in the novel. On a literal level, each of Pis three religions, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam, come with its own set of tales and fables, which are utilize to spread the teachings and illustrate the beliefs of the faith. Pi enjoys the wealth of stories, but he also senses that, as Father Martin assured him was true of Christianity, each of these stories might simply be aspects of a greater, universal story about love.Stories and religious beliefs are also linked in Life of Pi because Pi asserts that both require faith on the part of the listener or devotee. Surprisingly for such a religious boy, Pi admires atheists. To him, the i mportant thing is to believe in something, and Pi can appreciate an atheists ability to believe in the absence of God with no concrete proof of that absence. Pi has nothing but disdain, however, for deists, who title of respect that it is impossible to know either way, and who therefore refrain from making a definitive statement on the question of God. Pi sees this as secernate of a shameful inadequacy of imagination. To him, agnostics who cannot make a leap of faith in either direction are like listeners who cannot appreciate the non-literal truth a fictional story might provide.MotifsTerritorial Dominancehttp//imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gifThough Martels text deals with the seemingly boundless nature of the sea, it also studies the sternness of boundaries, borders, and demarcations. The careful way in which Pi marks off his district and differentiates it from Richard Parkers is necessary for Pis survival. Animals are territorial creatures , as Pi notes a family dog, for example, will guard its bed from intruders as if it were a lair. Tigers, as we learn from Richard Parker, are similarly territorial. They mark their space and define its boundaries carefully, engrafting absolute dominance over every square inch of their area. To master Richard Parker, Pi must establish his control over certain zones in the lifeboat. He pours his urine over the tarp to designate a portion of the lifeboat as his territory, and he uses his sing to ensure that Richard Parker stays within his designated space. The small size of the lifeboat and the relatively deep size of its inhabitants make for a crowded vessel. In such a confined space, the demarcation of territory ensures a relatively peaceful affinity between man and beast. If Richard Parker is seen as an aspect of Pis own personality, the notion that a distinct boundary can be erected between the two represents Pis need to disavow the violent, animalistic side of his nature.Hunge r and ThirstUnsurprisingly in a novel about a shipwrecked castaway, the characters in Life of Pi are continually fixated on food and water. Ironically, the lifeboat is surrounded by food and water however, the salty water is undrinkable and the food is difficult to catch. Pi ceaselessly struggles to land a fish or pull a turtle up over the side of the craft, just as he must steadily and consistently collect fresh drinking water using the solar stills. The repeated struggles against hunger and thirst illustrate the sharp inequality between Pis former life and his current one on the boat. In urban towns such as Pondicherry, people are fed like animals in a zoo-they never have to expend much reason to obtain their sustenance. But on the open ocean, it is up to Pi to fend for himself. His transition from modern civilization to the more primitive existence on the open sea is marked by his attitudes toward fish initially Pi, a vegetarian, is reluctant to kill and eat an animal. Only once the fish is lifeless, looking as it might in a market, does Pi see better. As time goes on, Pis increasing comfort with eating meat signals his embrace of his new life.RitualThroughout the novel, characters achieve comfort through the practice of rituals. Animals are creatures of habit, as Pi establishes early on when he notes that zookeepers can tell if something is wrong with their animals just by noticing changes in their daily routines. People, too, become attached to their routines, even to the point of predictability, and grow troubled during times of change. While religious traditions are a prime example of ritual in this novel, there are numerous others. For instance, Pis mother wants to buy cigarettes before traveling to Canada, for fear that she wont be able to find her particular brand in Winnipeg. And Pi is able to survive his oceanic ordeal largely because he creates a series of daily rituals to sustain him. Without rituals, routines, and habits, the novel implie s, people feel uneasy and unmoored. Rituals give structure to abstract ideas and emotions-in other rowing, ritual is an piece form of storytelling.SymbolsPiPiscine Molitor Patels preferred moniker is more than just a shortened version of his given name. Indeed, the word Pi carries a host of relevant associations. It is a letter in the Greek alphabet that also contains alpha and omega, terms used in the book to cite dominant and submissive creatures. Pi is also an irrational mathematical number, used to calculate distance in a circle. Often shortened to 3.14, pi has so many decimal places that the human mind cant accurately comprehend it, just as, the book argues, some realities are too difficult or troubling to face. These associations establish the character Pi as more than just a realistic protagonist he also is an allegorical figure with multiple layers of meaning.The Color OrangeIn Life of Pi, the colouration orange symbolizes want and survival. Just before the scene in wh ich the Tsimtsum sinks, the narrator describes visiting the adult Pi at his home in Canada and meeting his family. Pis daughter, Usha, carries an orange cat. This moment assures the reader that the end of the story, if not happy, will not be a complete tragedy, since Pi is guaranteed to survive the catastrophe and father children of his own. The little orange cat recalls the big orange cat, Richard Parker, who helps Pi survive during his 227 days at sea. As the Tsimtsum sinks, Chinese crewmen give Pi a lifejacket with an orange whistle on the boat, he finds an orange lifebuoy. The whistle, buoy, and tiger all help Pi survive, just as Orange Juice the orangutan provides a measure of emotional support that helps the boy maintain hope in the face of horrific tragedy.QuotesImportant Quotations Explained1. I know zoos are no longer in peoples good graces. Religion faces the same problem. accepted illusions about freedom plague them both. exposition for Quotation 1 These words are spoken by Pi early in break open One, at the end of chapter 4, after a long discussion of zoo enclosures. Mr. Patel, Pi has recently told us, runs the Pondicherry Zoo, a place that Pi considered paradise as a boy. Pi has heard many people say ostracize things about zoos-namely that they deprive noble, wild creatures of their freedom and trap them in boring, domesticated lives-but he disagrees. Wild animals in their natural habitat encounter fear, fighting, lack of food, and parasites on a regular basis. Given all these biological facts, animals in the wild are not free at all-rather, they are shell to a stringent set of social and natural laws that they must fall out or die. Since animals are creatures of habit, zoo enclosures, with abundant food and water, clean cages, and a constant routine, are heaven for them. Given the chance, Pi says, most zoo animals do not ever try to fly the coop, unless something in their cage frightens them.We have already learned that Pi studied zoology a nd religion at the University of Toronto, and the above quote demonstrates just how closely aligned the two subjects are in his mind. He is quick to turn a discussion of animal freedom into a metaphor for peoples religious inclinations. Just as people misunderstand the nature of animals in the wild, they also misunderstand what it means for a person to be free of any religious system of belief. The agnostic (someone who is uncertain about the existence of god and does not subscribe to any faith) may think he is at liberty to believe or disbelieve anything he wants, but in reality he does not allow himself to take imaginative leaps. Instead, he endures lifes ups and downs the way an animal in the wild does because he has to. A person of faith, on the other hand, is like an animal in an enclosure, surrounded on all sides by a version of reality that is far kinder than reality itself. Pi embraces religious doctrine for the same reason he embraces the safety and security of a zoo enclos ure it makes life easier and more pleasurable. conterminous2. I can hale imagine an atheists last words White, white L-L-Love My God-and the deathbed leap of faith. Whereas the agnostic, if he stays true to his reasonable self, if he stays beholden to dry, yeastless factuality, might try to explain the warm light bathing him by saying, possibly a f-f-failing oxygenation of the b-b-brain, and, to the very end, lack imagination and miss the better story. comment for Quotation 2 Spoken by Pi, this quotation-chapter 22 in its entirety-emphasizes the important distinction between facts and imagination, the crux of the entire novel. Previously, in chapter 21, the author used the phrases dry, yeastless factuality and the better story after a meeting with Pi in a caf the repetition highlights this dichotomy. Religion is aligned with imagination, while lack of faith is linked to accurate observation and rationalism. In short, Pi is freehanded us a simple, straightforward explanation for t he variants of his own story the one with animals and the one without.The quote condemns those who lack artistry and imagination, the inability to commit to a story. Pi himself is a consummate artist, a storyteller, and he believes all religions tell wonderful tales, though not literal truths. Pi believes that atheists (who do not believe in God) have the capacity to believe they cull to believe that God doesnt exist. At the end of their lives, they could embrace the notion of God and mould a story that will help them die in peace and contentment. Pi despises agnostics for their decision to make uncertainty a way of life. They choose to live a life of doubt, without any sort of narrative to guide them. Without these stories, our existence is dry and unpalatable as unrisen or yeastless bread.Close3. Without Richard Parker, I wouldnt be alive today to tell you my story.Explanation for Quotation 3 This line is spoken by Pi approximately halfway through the book, in chapter 57. The y ou in this sentence is the author, to whom Pi relates his story over the programme of many meetings in Canada many years after the ordeal. Of course, the you is also the reader, for Pi is aware that he is telling his story to a writer who has the use to publish. By this point, we know that Richard Parker is a Royal Bengal tiger, an adult male, who weighs 450 pounds and takes up about one-third of the lifeboat. At first, it might sound ludicrous that such a menacing creature should get credit for keeping alive a slender, adolescent Indian boy, but Pi explains himself compellingly. The presence of Richard Parker, though initially terrifying, eventually soothes him and saves him from let out existential loneliness. Moreover, the necessity of training and taking care of Richard Parker fills up Pis long, empty days-staying busy helps time pass.The quotation can also be considered in the context of Pis second story, the one without animals, in which Pi himself is the tiger. Pi has chos en a tiger to represent himself because of its conflicting qualities gentry and violence, grace and brute force, intelligence and instinct. In a way, these qualities are very human. But on a day-to-day basis-for example, as we go to school, require to the supermarket, and watch TV at night-the elements of violence, brutality, and instinct are blunted. Instead of sleuthing and killing fish, we purchase plastic-wrapped filets rather than hunt animals for meat, we buy steaks at the deli counter. Stripped of these conveniences, Pi must return to nature and reassert his animal instincts. He must overcome his squeamishness in order to eat. He must embrace aggression in order to kill the cook who might otherwise have killed him. In crediting Richard Parkers existence for his own survival, Pi acknowledges that it is animal instinct, not polite convention or modern convenience, that protects him from death.Close4. Life on a lifeboat isnt much of a life. It is like an end game in chess, a game with fewer pieces. The elements couldnt be more simple, nor the stakes higher.Explanation for Quotation 4 This comment appears about halfway through Part Two, as Pi adjusts to life at sea and philosophizes on the nature of being a castaway. In an endgame in chess, most of the game has been played out and the majority of the chess pieces knocked off the board.Similarly, after the sinking of the Tsimtsum, only a handful of survivors (Pi, Richard Parker, Orange Juice, the Grants zebra, the hyena) remain. The few that are left are forced into a strategic battle of wits to see who will ultimately prevail. The tensions between the lifeboats inhabitants immediately after the ship sinks are high each inhabitant knows that the game is fast death and that each move must be considered with special care. The zebra, the orangutan, and the hyena all make missteps and lose. But Pi painstakingly charts out his plan of action, and his diligence and foresight save his life.Life on a lifeboat i s simple, but, unfinished of all else, the stakes become considerable life or death. Pis life in the middle of the Pacific has no luxuries, no complex processes to insert in, and no obscure signals to follow. Faced with numerous physical dangers-Richard Parker, sharks, starvation, the blind castaway-his only real choice is whether to fight to live or to give up and die. Though he considers doing otherwise, Pi chooses to fight.The distilled quality of Pis existence is similar to the kind of bare-bones life lived by many religious mystics, for whom stripping down to the essentials is necessary for communion with God. A full, varied life with many distractions can pervert faith or even make it unnecessary. However, within a economise and even monastic existence, Gods presence becomes palpable. To put it another way, within the trammel of a lifeboat, spirituality looms as large as a well-nigh 10-foot, 450-pound Bengal tiger.Close5. The lower you are, the higher your mind will want to soar.Explanation for Quotation 5 Pi narrates these words in chapter 93, toward the end of his ordeal at sea and as he is reaching the depths of his despair. As Pi mentions just before this, his situation seems as pointless as the weather. Up to now, Pis tedious life at sea has been alleviated somewhat with irregular new activities killing fish, taming Richard Parker, creating drinkable water using the solar stills, and so on. More notably, the blind French castaway and the days spent on the floating island gave Pi a change in routine. But now the novelty has worn off. This section, in which nothing is expected to happen, drives Pi into utter hopelessness, yet he must continue living.At this point Pi turns to God and, Martel implies, invents the story that we have just read. His mind is desperate to escape the physical reality of continued existence on the lifeboat, and so it soars into the realm of fiction. At his lowest point, Pi reaches for the only remaining sources of salvat ion procurable to him faith and imagination. Through the plots remaining action, Martel emphasizes that such a strategy for self-preservation can actually be astonishingly effective. Immediately after this moment in the text, Pi lan

Austrian and Post-Keynesian theories of the competitive process

Austrian and Post-Keynesian theories of the free-enterprise(a) addressThe Austrian School is a heterodox school of scotch thought that emphasizes the spontaneous organizing power of the set mechanism, which was influential in the upstart 19th and early 20th century (Boettke, 2008). After the 1870s, Marxism spread cursorily in the ranks of workers, and the frugal theories that defended for the capitalists went bankrupt. The Austrian stintings based on third core concepts entrepreneurship, subjectivism and market transition, which became popular after that. The Post-Keynesian school of thought was substantial in the debate with the neoclassical synthesis. After The General Theory of Keynes was published, whatsoever diverse points of view on the practical problems arose in the followers of Keynes, and bit by bit formed two opposing schools of thought neoclassical and the Post Keynesian School. The theoretical foundation of Post Keynesian economics is the principle of hard- hitting demand, that demand matters in the long as well as the hornswoggle run, so that a war-ridden market economy has no lifelike or automatic tendency towards full employment (Arestis, 1996). The objective of this c over is comparing and stocking Austrian and Post-Keynesian theories of the competitive growth. The similarities and differences amongst these two theories will be stated orderly.Although Austrian and Post-Keynesian theories argon two different schools of thought, they placid have some spirit level of similarities. First, they both advocate indecision. Next, they both can non be regarded as derive maximizers. Last, the competitive process is seen as a high-power process by both theories.First of all in all, for the Austrian approach dubiety is pervasive. One of the Austrians core concepts is entrepreneurship. Austrian school thinks that the community is a line of battle of respective(prenominal)s. Individuals economic activity is a microcosm of the natio nal economy. Through the interpretation of individual economic activities, reasoning illustrates the complexities of real economic phenomena. Entrepreneur is the individual here(predicate) in the real economy. They ar all different in apiece separatewise. Therefore entrepreneurs in particular always face extreme uncertainty. Kirzner (1973) accent the uncertainty present in all human race decision- devising, has primarily focused on the entrepreneurial market process. For the Post-Keynesian approach firms pricing behaviour is unyielding by a mark-up rule. This behavioural approach to pricing is partly in response to the imprecision of price setting in conditions of uncertainty. Uncertainty is the natural element of Keynes theory, and Post-Keynesian followed and developed it. In the Post-Keynesian theory of agency, agents argon non-optimisers collect to unplumbed uncertainty. According to Fernando Ferarri Filho (2001), in a context in which time is historical, economic a gents do non decide future actions on the basis of statistical series analyses or beliefs justified by experience. To the contrary, decision-making is classified as an surround of true uncertainty. They are non the intellectual calculators of received theory. This suggests some intersection point with Austrian theory.Second, in Austrians term, entrepreneurs display purposeful pursuit of profit in the competitive process, which provides market order. It cannot be regarded as profit maximizers due to fundamental uncertainty. However profit is still therefore important in actuate agents. Neoclassical theory assume that manufacturers pursuit profit maximization, but we all know there is another voice in society requiring manufacturers to school social responsibility. Social responsibility will increase the companys operating costs, which is not conducive to their competitor in the market. So, non-profit-maximizing firms will be uphold by the loss of earnings and investment ca pacity and continuous losses, and finally be forced out of the market. Austrian school advocates idealism and they do not hope that firms select the behaviour of pursuit profit maximization. In post-Keynesian economics, firms are not assumed to maximize profits as well, as is carry in Lavoie (1992, p.105), The standard critique of the neoclassical theory of the firm is that profit maximization is not possible because of the lack of pertinent knowledge due to an uncertain environment. Profit maximization is then replaced by profit satisfying. Firms are assumed to set themselves threshold levels of profits that is, minimum levels of profits or of rates of return. Furthermore, the firms overall objective is the pursuit of power. This involves attempting to control its environment. To become powerful, firms essential be big to become big, firms must grow. Growth is the subjective and profits are the means to realize this objective. However, maximizing growth does not have-to doe wit h to maximizing profits. Firms maximize the rate of growth, subject to various finance and enlargement constraints.Last, both school of thoughts believe that there is no absolute proportion in the competitive process. The Austrian school views competition as a dynamic process, and sees the market process is driven by entrepreneurial activity. recurrent change comes from uncertainty gives rise to the process of market activity. This process provides a more fluid account of market activity, than is typical of standard or neoclassical theory. The equilibrium approach of standard theory, it is claimed, cannot capture the dynamics of the competitive process. The dynamic competitive process of entrepreneurial discovery is one which is seen as trending systematically toward, rather than away from, the path to equilibrium (Kirzner, 1997). In contrast to the equilibrium dynamics of standard theory Austrian economics advocates process dynamics. The process of competition is ever changing a nd open-ended, and cannot be represented by equilibrium. Furthermore, Hicks, who first introduced the term traverse into economics, characterized it as the path which will be followed when the steady state is subjected to some kind of disturbance (Hicks, 1973, p.81). In other words, the traverse defines the movement of the economy outside equilibrium. It plays a particularly social function in Post-Keynesian theory, as most Post-Keynesian economists have serious doubts about the relevancy and usefulness of equilibrium analysis (King, 2003, p.355). Therefore, Post-Keynesian economists analysis the economic phenomenon based on a dynamic competitive process as well as Austrian school.On the other hand, there are also many differences between Austrian theory and Post-Keynesian theory of the competitive process. It is mainly reflected in three aspects, basic principles and methodology, views on competition, theories of agency.First, Austrians are implicated with how a totally economic system works. The individualism and subjectivism of theoretical assumptions is a major concern. They avert tunnel vision and investigate how the specialized activities of millions of persons, who are making their decisions in a decentralized manner, can be coordinated. The relevant knowledge, such as resources, technology, human wants, and market conditions, is inevitably fragmented among millions, even billions, of separate human minds (Yeager, 2001). Therefore, in Austrian terms there would be no competition in perfect competition as there is no case for entrepreneurial activity. Because entrepreneur will not stay in a market which cannot desexualize abnormal profits. However, Post-Keynesian economists are typically more concerned with explanation than prediction as well as distribution, particularly at an aggregate and systemic level, but not with standard public assistance economics. The realism of theoretical assumptions is a major concern. They believe that oligopoly is the normal state of personal matters in most markets and oligopolists will typically hold some degree of excess production capacity. The degree of monopoly will vary across different markets. These are different from Austrian economics.Next, the second difference is the views on competition. In the Austrian school, competition is redefined in terms of entrepreneurial rivalry. Entrepreneurs play a crucial role by noticing missed opportunities and discover an act upon unexampled pieces of information. The Austrian school of economics argues that true competition is a process rather than a static condition. For competition to be improved and sustained there needs to be a genuine desire on behalf of entrepreneurs to engage in competitive behaviour, to innovate and to invent to drive markets forth (Riley, 2006). In an uncertain environment entrepreneurial activity is characterised by fault and errors lead to change. In contrast, Post-Keynesian economics argues that competition is inh erently about dominance. sanction here indicates dominant firms set the price in the market. The Post-Keynesian economics believe that market cannot determine the prices. Prices are administered in accordance with firms objectives and are not typically market-clearing prices due to the pursuit of power. Therefore, firms use a mark-up pricing rule, which is price equals average cost plus mark up. The Post-Keynesian school of economics argues that market dominance is merely perfect and markets are prone to reinforcing dominance over time.Finally, theses two school of thoughts advocate different theories of agency. On the one hand, Austrian theory is strongly individualist. All theory is based on individuals, which are entrepreneurs instead of firms or industries or other higher-level agents. But some Post-Keynesian theories are concerned with the social and historical location of economic actors. On the other hand, because of fundamental uncertainty, agents in Austrian theory are bro adly rational but they are not the rational calculators of neoclassical theory. But agents do behave with intent. They engage in purposeful action and can process qualitative judgements. This radical subjectivism leads to an interest in individual rights over welfare considerations. These diverse activities are interdependent yet no particular agency takes charge of coordinating them, and none would be competent to do so (Yeager, 2001). However, agents in Post-Keynesian theory are central to understanding how markets work. King (2003, p.1) argued that since agents make choices, they must possess a capacity that enables them to accomplish this. The idea of making a choice involves more than just a random or capricious action. To make a choice is to engage in an intended act based upon reasons and beliefs, which must be possessed by agents. Furthermore, agents cannot be optimisers because they have to deal with uncertainty in attempting to establish their dominance. The role of unce rtainty is perhaps less positive than it is in Austrian theory.In conclusion, this wallpaper compared and contrasted Austrian and Post-Keynesian theories of the competitive process. First, the three similarities between these two theories of the competitive process were stated. two Austrian and Post-Keynesian theories advocate uncertainty in the competitive process. Both these two schools cannot be regarded as profit maximizers. And the competitive process is seen as a dynamic process by both theories. Then the differences between these two theories been shown. The differences are mainly reflected in three aspects, basic principles and methodology, views on competition, theories of agency. Austrians are concerned with how a whole economic system works. The individualism and subjectivism of theoretical assumptions is a major concern. Competition is redefined in terms of entrepreneurial rivalry. And Austrian theory is strongly individualist. All theory is based on individuals, which are entrepreneurs instead of firms or industries or other higher-level agents. However, Post-Keynesian economists are typically more concerned with an aggregate and systemic level, but not with standard welfare economics. The realism of theoretical assumptions is a major concern. Competition is inherently about dominance. And they are concerned with the social and historical location of economic actors.

Comparative Analysis Essay on Two Articles

Comparative Analysis Essay on Two ArticlesIntroductionHere the selected 2 articles be Article 1 Basics much or less Employee pauperization written by Carter McNamara, Article2 Employee Motivation by Dr. Robert E. Wubbolding. As the assignment is to do a comparative analysis betwixt two articles on a re tardyd topic, the selection was d ace on topic of employee motivation which is an essential topic in effective assembly line administration.In the first article it is elemental totallyy focuses on the new managers and supervisors. arraying it describes how to unload up the myths of employee motivation. Then it describes basic principles in employee motivation. Subsequently it provides the expound of step you fag take for employee motivation.The second article is starts with a ripe problem in human resource management and indeed starts the word of honor about the Ideas of the management that need to absolutely give up by the management. Then it bluffs up for a discussi on of why employees succeed or fail and what we keep do.Accordingly there atomic number 18 no clear cut similarities that we can find it these two articles. how incessantly after the exercise and the understand it leave behind open-up for broader understanding of the area of employee motivation.Comparative AnalysisAs above said Article 1 Basics about Employee Motivation introduces the myths to clear up in the employee motivation. Those are as followsI can instigate battalion- Not really they have to propel themselvesMoney is a good motivator understand the motivation factor of individually of employees solicitude is a damn good motivator Fear is a capital motivator for a genuinely short timeI distinguish what motivates me, so I know what motivates my employees- Not really different people are motivated by different things.Increased job propitiation means increased job exertion- Increased job satisfaction does non necessarily mean increased job coiffureanceI sla ng comprehend employee motivation its a science -Supporting your employees to motivate themselves toward increased performance in their jobs.Article 2 Employee Motivation also introduces the ideas which have to be given up by the management. Those are somewhat new when compare with the myths of article one. The following four ideas are ineffective and actually put up barriers to increased quality.As a manager, I can force employees to do what I want them to doIncreasing the compensation package is fit to keep people happyIt is not necessary to reward people for doing what they are supposed to do.People are good, honest, and forget unceasingly perform to the best of their abilityIn article one introduces specific step that can help to go a long way toward financial support the employees to motivate them in an organization.1.Do more than read this article deem what youre reading here2.Briefly write d possess the motivational factors that declare you and what you can do to s ustain them3.Make of list of three to 5-spot things that motivate each of your employees4.Work with each employee to ensure their motivational factors are taken into consideration in your reward systems5.Have one-on-one meetings with each employee6.Cultivate wholesome skills in delegation7. repay it when youseeit8.Reward it soon after you see it9.Implement at least the basic principles of performance management10.Establish goals that are SMARTER11.Clearly convey how employee results play to organizational results12.Celebrate achievements13.Let employees hear from their customers (internal or external)14.Admit to yourself (and to an purloin someone else) if you dont wish an employeeIn article two introduces this area as What you can do and it says like this, Write a description of the demeanour of two employees with whom you need help. Be specific about their negative behaviours. later on you read Employee Motivation, return to these two employees, using your new skills. You will be surprised at your success in helping employees learn to ad hardlyment their behaviours in positive ways-ways that will help their productivity and make them happier-a win-win for everyone just now in article one Basics about Employee Motivation introduces five basic principles in the employee motivation.Motivating employees starts with motivating yourselfits amazing how, if you hate your job, it seems like everyone else does, too. If you are very stressed out, it seems like everyone else is, too. Enthusiasm is contagious. If youre enthusiastic about your job, its much easier for others to be, too. Also, if youre doing a good job of taking care of yourself and your own job, youll have much clearer perspective on how others are doing in theirs. unceasingly work to align goals of the organization with goals of employeesas mentioned above, employees can be all fired up about their work and be working very hard. However, if the results of their work dont contribute to the goals of the organization, then the organization is not any erupt score than if the employees were sitting on their hands maybe worse off Therefore, its critical that managers and supervisors know what they want from their employees.Key to supporting the motivation of your employees is understanding what motivates each of themEach person is motivated by different things. whatever steps you take to support the motivation of your employees, they should first include purpose out what it is that really motivates each of your employees. You can find this out by asking them, listening to them and observing them. (More about this later on below.) realise that supporting employee motivation is a process, not a taskOrganizations change all the time, as do people. Indeed, it is an ongoing process to sustain an environs where each employee can strongly motivate themselves. If you look at sustaining employee motivation as an ongoing process, then youll be much more action and motivated yourse lf.Support employee motivation by using organizational systems (for example, policies and procedures) dont just count on good intentionsDont just count on cultivating strong interpersonal relationships with employees to help motivate them. The nature of these relationships can change greatly, for example, during propagation of stress. Instead, use reliable and comprehensive systems in the workplace to help motivate employees. For example, establish compensation systems, employee performance systems, organizational policies and procedures, etc.,In article two also describes this in a different manner. It always focuses to speak to the midriff of the reader as considering him or her as a manger kinda than introducing concepts and approaches in employee motivation. It is as follows with some key areas that author needs to emphasize. That beau monde believes this is illustrated by the actions of our institutions. Authorities believe that stiffer penalties will, of themselves, cure the drug problem that more effective punishments will control student behaviour. And the world of employment, in which approximately people spend a high percentage of their time, has surpassed other institutions in affirming this fallacious theory-that people can be effectively controlled from above. The fact is that employees can be helped to become more productive, to show initiative, and to do quality work. But the use of force alone brings only temporary compliance. If you are unforced to make a commitment to change, you can learn how to coach employees in an effective manner. You can learn effective ways to talk with employees who are apathetic, resistant, or who suffer from other negative traits or attitudes. If you have ever found yourself without words to respond to an employee, or getting defensive, or self-aggrandising in to the urge to verbally attack an employee, you will benefit from implementing the ideas contained in this book. These skills can help you feel more c omfortable about your job. You skill even look forward to Monday mornings Positive results depend on one condition-you must learn the technique and then put it into practice.Article always try to build a conversation with the reader. It introduces the employees behaviours where the need of the employee motivation will arise as follows.Do you have employees whoAre consistently late to work?Perform below their potential?Lack initiative? infract to follow through?Seem to be moody?Perform poor people quality work?ConclusionArticle 1 first start up with what a manager should give up if he wants to motivate the employees. After that author wants to clear the myths of motivation and then gradually remark the fresh ideas of motivation. Article 2, Employee Motivation, is a tool book that addresses the concerns of anyone who ever valued to Motivate anyone. It first asks serious of question which readers mind will open to a new area. Then introduces basic principles in employee motivation a nd then things can do when implementing those principles. So more or less twain the articles try to open the readers mind by thinking that the reader will implement what the authors have mentioned.

A Case Review On The Shining English Literature Essay

A Case Review On The Shining English Literature Es swear jak Torrence, loving generate when sober and aspiring playwright and author accepts a winter caretaker air at an old, large and isolated hotel in Colorado. cocksucker, his wife Wendy and their clairvoyant discussion Danny move into the strike down hotel.Dannys clairvoyance makes him sensitive to super-natural forces and shortly by and by their stretch at the lose he experiences premonitions astir(predicate) the danger the hotel poses to his family, he begins perceive ghosts and frightening visions about the hotels past. Knowing that the caretaking job is important to his father and to the familys emerging Danny avoids telling his parents about the visions. As winter closes in and the small(a) family choke completely isolated Danny realises that his presence in the hotel makes it more powerful, the hotel has difficulty possessing Danny, so it begins to posses Jack, frustrating his need and desire to work. Jack become s increasingly unstable and the ghosts of the hotel piecemeal begin to overtake him.With the heavy winter snow leaving them all totally isolated a true horror story unfolds as the hotel take ons to use Jack to kill Wendy and Danny in order to absorb Dannys mental abilities.Characters. Danny Torrence The 5-year-old son of Jack and Wendy, he has the Shining ability which empowers him with various psychical abilities which render him sensitive to super-natural forces this is what makes him the target of the hotel. Danny has a psychic guide, anticipated Tony taken from his affectionateness name Anthony through which he female genitalia see past and future tense events. At first Tony seems to just be an imaginary playmate notwithstanding soon becomes a tooth root of fear to Danny, followed by a source of strength towards the end of the story. Being 5 years old Danny is barely just learning to empathise, so he often becomes confused subsequentlywards some of his visions a s they require some reading skill to be fully understood this motivates Danny to achieve a higher than usual reading skill before he has even started school. With his Shining ability Danny can tap into peoples thoughts however as mentioned preceding(prenominal), his get a tenacious with limits his understanding of them. Danny is most by all odds a likeable event, he is sweet, caring and has the innocence and ignorance of a 5 year old, yet he is as well as really intelligent for his age as he is forced to mature with the insight he has from his luster ability. His psychic insight gives him confidence at meters but also scares him. He is enquiring and curious, always trying to further his understanding of things.. Jack Torrence Jack Torrence is a recovering alcoholic, he lost his teaching position after beating up a student for slashing his cars tires. When he drinks he is very erratic and has an extremely short temper, one night after coming home drunk he broke Dannys arm because Danny would not stop crying ever since the event his marriage had devalued and him and Wendy were contemplating divorce. stock-still bring up fatherly instinct took over and he managed to quit crapulence and arrange a winter caretaking job at the fail, this was all an attempt to prove himself in order to save his marriage. Jack has a sure arrogance and stubbornness about him, he does not like universe under authority and often compromises himself or his job by retaliating to it. The above and drinking are his weaknesses and the hotel identifies and uses them to turn Jack against his family and into a monster. Jack seems to be sort of a likeable character at the beginning of the brisk but as it progresses and the reader witnesses how Jack acts under pressure and his report is revealed one begins to dislike him, yet there is always a composition of pity for him because he tries so hard to make up for his past.. Wendy Torrence Wendy is Jacks wife and Dannys m other, a likeable, kind, friendly and genuine lady. She had/has a problematical family with her mother which has influenced her to be the best mother she can to Danny. She is extremely reinforced and capable she sticks with Jack despite his alcoholism and short temper. When Jack is possess she tries to balance staying liveborn, protecting her son and trying not to completely void her husband. Her actions are not always what would seem to be clever but she never disappoints, always keeping the reader in suspense. Her strength is unequivocal in that she seems to be almost immune to the pardons evil. Wendy is also a very practical person, this contributes to her saving herself, beak Hallorann and Danny at the end of the novel.. pecker Hallorann Dick Hallorann is the chef of the Overlook Hotel and shares the sheen ability with Danny. Dick is a true hit man in the novel, he is summoned to the hotel telepathically by Danny where he almost loses his life financial aid save Wendy and Danny from Jack. He is also important to Dannys future well-being as he is the first person to verify Dannys shining ability and to name it. Dick is a very kind, likeable, friendly man and is the only character introduced, besides Danny, who possesses the shining ability..Horace Derwent Horace Derwent was a self-made millionaire and former owner of the Overlook Hotel and is responsible for most of the Overlooks notorious history. Although it is not clear whether he is alive or not he appears to Jack in the Colorado ambush as one of the apparitions at the ball. His current involvement in the Overlook is not clear but he comes across as a bad guy.ThemesThe Shining is the story of a desperate family, they believe the Overlook is their last chance of making it together. The Overlook however is all about destruction, destroying families by twisting the love at bottom them. The family theme is quite complex, Jack is battling with his own childhood where he had an abusive alcoholic fath er, Wendy has a bad relationship with her mother who blames her for her parents divorce, Wendy has little family contact other than with Jack and Danny this runs into the other theme of isolation. The isolated Overlook hotel is quite like the family, both break their share of unsavoury pasts and like the hotel these also contribute to the familys isolation (isolation from their extend family and isolation within themselves due to Jacks short temper and drinking). Dannys shining ability isolates him from everyone else, he has to deal with a lot more than the average 5 year old let alone adults, when he meets Dick Hallorann also a shiner his isolation is slightly lessened. Violence is quite prominent in the novel, the Overlook hotel feeds on violence. Jack is quite defenseless to it after battling with a ruby-red childhood and still battling with his own violent temper. We see the Overlook take advantage of Jacks weakness as we watch him lose his battle to control his own viole nce comely a slave to the hotel.SettingThe novel is set at The Overlook Hotel in Colorado, September 30 December 3, 1975. The Overlook has a long history of violence and questionable deaths. The date sets the novel in the locate and winter of 1975, just post the Vietnam War. The date 1945 is brought up in the novel quite often, with reference to the Overlooks history. 1945 marks the end of World War 2 and the beginning of the Cold War, both 1975 and 1945 were years of extreme post-war anxiety and relief. qualification the setting in quite emotion-provoking times. The Overlook however intertwines different time periods, bringing together all of its horrific past. The hotel has so many settings within itself Room 217, the ballroom, the cellar, the boiler room etc that it provides the perfect platform for tycoon to relax a hell of a horror.Style, form and structureWritten in third person and including perspectives from all the characters with their thoughts included, the novel gives a nice all-round(prenominal) image of each characters personality and character. As perspectives change all the time, you intent as if you are watching a movie I depend this style and structure is why this novel has made such a successful film.My responseI really enjoyed the novel, it was my first Stephen King read and my first horror novel. It was quite difficult to get hooked in the beginning but once the true horror started it was a harbor I could not put down, the suspense was great. I found it to be truly original and so entertaining with a well-thought out advanced(a) plot that will still be great when its re-read for the 5th time. Id say definitely a masterpiece and it lives up to all the praise it has received. Stephen King is truly talented, cant wait to read another one of his books.

Psychology Essays Relationship Therapist Client

Psychology Es swears Relationship Therapist customerRelationship Therapist ClientIn the book The Process of Counseling and Therapy the authors eruptline a exemplar and series of guidelines for becoming a much perfumeive psycho healer. The purpose of a healer is to helper the customer help themselves, gain a bring out taste of his thinking, feelings and behavior, which will help him perform better in those argonas of living, which pass water been limiting.The author too focuses on authenticity in the consanguinity amongst healer and client, provides information on clients from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds (Afri washbasin-Ameri prats, Hispanics and Asians), sunny and lesbian clients, the elderly and clients from different religious backgrounds, and clinical information in regards to concourses, person and family. In this paper I will compare the differences in these therapy settings. commonwealth go to therapy because they earn problems and need hel p in resolve their problems. Some exclusives, when faced with difficulties whitethorn be competent to work them out and that is well. But if they toleratenot, seeing a healer scum bag help them take up a path to take for the solution to their problems. A person whitethorn choose to see a therapist on an single(a) basis. The occasion universe that they posterior speak more freely genius-on- one or else than in front of umpteen great deal, redden if it is their own family.The only chuff back in manyone therapy is that if the clients problems stem from something going on at heart a family unit, it could be more difficult for both the client and therapist to resolve some of the problems the client has. In the movie Ordinary People I feel that had the family, as a whole, go to therapy, and the family unit would clear stayed in tack. at that place is no guarantee that this would have been the out total tho I feel that Conrads m separate needed to find a way to expr ess her feelings.I feel that deep down wrong she felt compassion but on the surface there was a wall which she and her i fare way of living produces, and she just couldnt depart with it alone. In single(a) therapy you fill feedback from the therapist, which could be all that a client needs. Making a decision to begin could be monolithic in itself and going for mortal therapy could make you feel that youre in a safe emotional environment. The client could feel that with the caring therapist there is no need to hold back for fear of reprehension or judgment from other.A client who is puzzled by the things that watch happening to them can be shown with individual therapy, why these things happen and what they can do to gain control of their life. Individual therapy as well as enables the client to take care at their own pace the origins of there problems and besides have a feeling of privacy and confidentiality.There are certain objectives in individual therapy. Clients will establish a relationship of trust to facilitate to come to terms with their issues. Another objective is to help the client discover and apply ways to change and remedy THEIR life and also to promote the taking into custody of emotion and enhance the clients ability in THEIR relationships. In Ordinary People by Conrad going for individual therapy he achieve these destinations but the family as a unit still fell apart. This is where I feel family therapy would have helped. Just by Conrads father come across with Dr. Berger one term helped him see the family for what it was and made him invite that Conrads emotions werent the only cause of the familys problems.In family counseling, the therapist works with the finished family system. Family counseling can help a family adjust whenever there is a change in family dynamics or you can simply realize that the family has gotten into a rut and you whitethorn want to achieve a fitter style of interaction. There whitethorn be times d uring family counseling that sessions may involve only a few family portions or even a single individual.Family therapy usually is initiated by one outgrowth going or is brought to a therapist with particular problems. The therapist must then regulate which therapist pickax will best meet the needs of the person or persons straining help. Since change in any one family atom inevitably has its impact on the whole family root, it is meaning(a) to determine which option to choose. Family therapy is considered when a family appears to be having difficulty making the changes needed to pass from one stage to the next. It is an effective way of dealing with problems that are embedded in a spats family system.It can also be usefully combined with pr severallying of individual family components. The difference between individual counseling and family counseling is that even though it seems that a client in individual therapy has reached his personal goal if there is still conflic t when the family unit it will be harder for the client to deal with his role within the family. One major success of family therapy is to picture about how to be part of a multitude and at the kindred time be separate. Many families have difficulty achieving this balance.Either they emphasise family solidarity to such an extent that individual members have to relinquish their independence, or they emphasize individual independence to such an extent that there remains no family commitment whatsoever. Very often the difficulty in balancing these two, underlies the problems that families in therapy experience.It is very unusual for a family to enter family therapy with the understanding that family change or some change in the structure of the family is desirable. The usual complaint is that someone is acting up and the family is having trouble controlling him/her. The job of the family therapist as opposed to the individual therapist is to help the family develop additional goal s in order to expand their perception of the problem related to the group-interaction level. In individual therapy the therapist would be counseling the so-called troublesome one one how to deal with his feelings and how to cope with the family around him and also in individual therapy the therapist is only hearing what his client has to say and cant really get the big picture.There are times when a parent will call a therapist to make an participation for her child whom she says is acting irresponsible and could not be depended on. She also may explain that there are two younger children in the family and that the old(a) childs behavior would have a bad effect on the younger ones. When speaking to the therapist he may give notice that the whole family come to the first session because it would be important to get all the family members ideas about what was going on. later on asking each member of the family to explain why they thought they were there it was discovered that each member had a different goal based on individual understanding of what was happening in the family. Had the therapist just seen the problem child he would have helped him/her but not the family as a unit. In family therapy each member has a goal that is different from the other members goal and also the family as a unit has a goal. The therapist develops goals that encompass some significant behavioral pattern changes within the family.The therapist wants the family to experience a safe environment where no one feels that it is completely their fault for what is going on in the family. Some of these goals may be better communication, improve empathy and understanding, improve the ability to deal with and accept differences, improve independence and individualization and to develop a balance between individual independence and family solidarity.Goal setting in family therapy is connected with the work of the therapist itself and the developmental stage of the family. Whereas in indiv idual therapy just the client and therapist set goals for the client to gain control of what he/she desires. The development of the family relationship dynamic is crucial to individual person development. Effective communication throughout the family is very important. separately member of the family must have a superior and be listened to.Group therapy is different from individual therapy in a snatch of ways. One difference is the number of people in the room with the therapist. originally group therapy was used as a cost-saving measure, in institutional settings where many people needed psychologists to discover that the group experience benefited people in many ways that were not always addressed in individual therapy.Since we live and interact with people everyday, we know how beneficial it is when we take the time to share our experiences and challenges with others. In group therapy it provides a place to come in concert with other. Here the client can share problems and co ncerns and learn from and with each other. The client can get support and knowledge from other group members and also given the opportunity to experiment new behaviors in front of the group. There is another difference between individual and group therapy, at least not in the same way. In group therapy you would get feedback from a group as opposed to just the therapist. Also in group therapy there is an aire about how group members use each other in their process of growth and change.There is also much information that can be attained in a group. For example, another member may know of a book in which your problems are identified and solved, which could be helpful in your own process or there could have been a documentary which could also be helpful to you. Also, you use of form language and how to become more aware of it, is a skill which you can practice. Many people, when confronted with a problem, will respond with I didnt say a thing and not understand why they are being pinp ointed with a problem attitude. Body language is a very besotted way in which we communicate our feelings and thoughts but just dont realize it.Social skills is another skill in which the client can learn how to listen to others and share his/her thoughts and feelings in an appropriate way. In an individual therapy session, the client has only the therapist to get feedback from. In a group there is a need to learn how to communicate with each other openly. Most individuals problems stem from interpersonal relationships individuals in a group can openly discuss it in the presence of others and help the client help him/herself work them out.Communication skills acquired and learned and developed in a group is an important aspect in any therapy, especially group therapy. If the client has the confidence in he/her ability to make good click with others it will help him/her to be more confident with themselves and help word form their own self-esteem. In group therapy each member has an opportunity to evidence out new ways of behaving and they also have the opportunity for nurture more about how they interact with others.The main benefit group therapy may have over individual therapy is that some patients behave and react more like themselves in a group setting than they would in a one-on-one with a therapist. The group therapy patient gains a certain indistinguishability and social acceptance from their membership in the group. They are not alone. They are surrounded by others who have the same anxieties and emotional issues that they have. Seeing how others deal with these issues may give them new solution to their problems. Group therapy may also simulate family experiences of patients and will allow family dynamic issues to emerge.The success of group therapy is that people feel free to care about each other because of the humor of trust in a group. Most therapy groups do have some basic ground rules that are usually discussed during the first session. Pa tients are asked not to share what goes on in the therapy sessions with anyone outside of the group. This protects the confidentiality of the other members. They may also be asked not to see other group member socially outside of therapy because of the harmful effect it might have on the dynamics of the group.There may be lucks in group therapy as apposed to individual therapy. Some very fragile patients may not be able to tolerate aggressive or hostile comments from group members. Patients who have trouble communicating in group situations may be at risk in dropping out of the group. If no one comments on their be quiet or makes an attempt to interact with them, they may begin to feel more isolated instead of identifying with the group.Therefore, the therapist usually attempts to encourage silent member to participate early on in treatment. Sometimes, a client is recommended to seek individual therapy until their therapist feels that the client is coiffure to benefit from group t herapy. If they therapist does not run groups he/she may refer the patient to a group therapist while continuing to see the patient individually.After reading the book, the Process of Counseling and Therapy by Janet Moursund and Maureen C. Kenny, I feel that patients gains a better understanding of themselves and a stronger set of interpersonal and coping skills through the group therapy process. In family therapy the development of the family relationship dynamic is crucial to individual personal development. One common goal in all common chord therapies is the acquisition of communication skills. Effective communication throughout the family is very important as well as communicating in the social circles. Each individual should have a voice and be listened to and also ready to hear what others have to say.

The Woman Warrior :: essays research papers

The Woman WarriorThe most important theme that very stood out to me was the talk stories. The whole book mainly deals with the talk stories. The irregular theme that I feltthat had a major impact in this book was ghost. Ghosts engage an impact becausethe stories that are told about them that affect the kids resulting in their isolationfrom society. These themes are very important in The Woman Warrior becausethey armed service the narrators life and unite the stories of the book.Talk stories to me, seem to have a major impact in the lives of Chinesepeople. These talk stories teaches the children semiprecious lessons each differentfrom each culture. The talk stories contain the children fear or learn from themistakes or triumphs of the characters in the talk stories. These stories havemajor impacts on the main character of The Woman Warrior. She learns what tofear, like ghosts, and having a child without being married and also learned tostand up to what she feared or believed i n.The spirit level of the aunt is the first talk story we learn about in this book. Theaunt who had a child before marriage was treated as a outcast. This teaches the girl not just to avoid getting big(predicate) before marriage, but to avoid embarrassingthe whole family. This story though, grows weaker for the girl as she rebel atwhat her mother wants her to be. She tries to be the best she croupe be and looksfor her mothers praise but all she got was youre too ugly or you talk like a fake. She starts to question these stories as these talk stories become veryconfusing in the life of the girl.The second talk story was clearly still in the mind of the girl when she grewup. The story was about Fa Mu Lan who joined the military as a girl to rise up to bea hero when female werent allowed in the army. This is good story that trulymatched up to what the girl represented when she grew up. Fa Mu Lan wentagainst the rules of being a muliebrity in China and triumphed to be one of thegr eatest heroes of China. The girl mulish to be like Fa Mu Lan and breaktradition by rebelling against her mother.Ghosts seems to be very important in the story of this book. Ghosts playsa major disclose because of the way they are used as to isolate the children or tomake them stand up against a foe.

The Aesthetic, the Postmodern and the Ugly: The Rustle of Language in William S. Burroughs’ The Soft Machine and The Ticket That Exploded :: Essays Papeers

The Aesthetic, the Postmodern and the fearful The Rustle of Language in William S. Burroughs The Soft Machine and The Ticket That explode Ugliness is everywhere. It is on the sidewalksthe black tar phlegm of old planate bubblegumsquashed beneath the scraped soles of suited foot soldiers on salary. It is in the straddled stares of unflinching strangers. It is in the cancer-coated clouds that gloss the sweet-tooth sky of the Los Angeles Basin with bathtub scum sunsets rosier than either Homer finger-painted dawn. Like the treble yell of helpless children, ugliness is piercing, unavoidable, everywhere. Yet, both(prenominal) powerful pieces of literature, with the assistance of paroxysmal words juxtaposed against brutal vistas and acerbity emotions, have transformed the ugly into the beautiful. Here are some unadorned examples the monomania of Ahab in Herman Melvilles Moby-Dick Rhodas descent towards suicide in Virginia Woolfs The Waves Walt Whitmans telling of t he shipwreck of the San Francisco in Song of Myselfin these works, the lilting power of language, with its susceptibility to moisten raw and tender flesh, exposes the clang between unsightly sores and the soaring majesty of the greatest artthe ability to transform the ugly into the beautiful. What I describe in the previous divide pertains to the literary realm of the aesthetic. George Levine frames the aesthetic scene as being serene mostly of moments when readers have felt overwhelmed, perhaps on the verge of tears, the livelong body thrillingly interested (4). Geoffrey Galt Harpham describes it in the following terms Precisely as conjectural muddiness, as the undecidablitity between object and subject, freedom and the repressive law, critical and noncrucial passages, grievous and necessary misreadings, horizontal art and ideology (135). Yet, in trusted theoretical writings about postmodernism, there seems to be no confusion at all. Instead, what has been described appears as an-aesthetic a style, or a poetics, that deadens and numbs a tendency towards the aesthetic in postmodern literature. Jean-Franois Lyotard describes postmodern writing as putting forward the unpresentable in presenatation itself that which denies itself the solace of good forms (81). Linda Hutcheon even suggests that postmodern poetics might, instead, be referred to as a problematics (224). In her book The Poetics of Postmodernism, Hutcheon focuses on an-aesthetic forms in the critical and literary writings on and within postmodernism without whatsoever consideration of the aesthetic.

The Struggles of the Youngers in A Raisin in the Sun Essay -- Raisin S

The Struggles of the Youngers in A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun depicts the struggles of three generations of the Youngers family in the 1950s of poorer Chicago. actuate 2, scene 2 of the play displays an understanding of the Youngers and the atmosphere in which they live. In just a few pages, Lorraine Hansberry reveals the struggles enforced upon the characters individually as healthful as with their united desires as a family. Individually, each character moldiness overcome prejudice from his family and associates, while still enduring struggles and hardships that diminish all intended goals. Together, however, the Younger family must overcome the racial bigotry incurred by society, while still maintaining social pride and integrity. In contrast, a frequent expression of apply and encouragement is a factor in the lives of much(prenominal) characters, as revealed by the author. With the use of dramatic elements to interpret the event s of this section of the play, in addition to the issues of race and gender, it is obvious that the Youngers represent a vague family attempt towards middleclass respectability not only in society, but in their deliver home as well. To interpret the significance of this scene, it is necessary to consider the environment, including the counseling the scene is set up and other devices used to interpret the situation. mountain in the home of the Youngers, the scene represents the Youngers living conditions. Objects such as packing crates argon thrown into the scene, representing the moving of the family. All dramatic elements intertwine to stretch forth an o... ...p Props such as the bed, the phone, the radio and the newspaper had bold meanings associated with them. The actions of the characters and the struggles they face up with issues of racial discrimination and gender differences symbolize the struggles of society as a whole. The time, the 1950s, the refe rence to the Ku Klux Klan, and the place Chicago, represent a period of great trials and tribulations for black people overcoming the slavery of their people in America. Throughout the entirety of the play, issues of gender and race play a recurring role. It isnt until Act 2, scene 2 of the novel when hope is sought for these issues. Through the revelation of this section, it is discovered that the Youngers are a family with a lot of pride who struggle and seek hope to better their position in the corruption around them.

For The Love Of The Fish An Es :: essays research papers

In the short story &8220The Third Thing That Killed My Father, Raymond cutlery explores the behavior of the town outcast. Through the observations of a young boy and his father sculpturer tells the story of a man caught in himself, and captures the true essence of a mans character and his conflicts. the skinny the town outcast finds himself in a get by to protect the one thing that makes him happy, a school of black bass. Carver comes up with three major conflicts, which include man verses society, nature, and himself.          When booby gets his weight he further distanced himself from the community. He has always been made fun of by co ladderers, and because he had no one to trust this gave booby a pharisaism for digging a deeper hole into his depression. "Well, it made them kid Dummy, the way he was always carrying everything. Carl Lowe, Ted Shade, Johnny Wait, they were the worst kidders of the ones that kidded Dummy. Another reasons for Dummy&8217s intr everyplacesion was his wife. &8220 She was a wo men years younger and give tongue to to pass off around with Mexicans. The lack of love at home and negative attention at work caused Dummy to shut society out.     The only friends Dummy had where his tip, which he protected from the cruelties of society. He protected the fish like no one had protected him, yet he still loses them to a advertize that cannot be controlled or stopped. &8220 It blew for five daylights, and on the third day the river began to rise.&8220She&8217s up to fifteen feet, my father said one evening looking over his newspaper. &8220Which is three feet over what you need to flood. Old Dummy is going to lose his darlings. Even though, Dummy protects his fish from unwanted fisherman he cannot protect them and himself from lines of greater power, the force of nature.      Another one of the conflicts in the story is Dummy&a mp8217s struggle with himself. Dummy was never really loved which persuaded him to find something else to love. The fish gave him a since of awareness and control that was never found at work and in his marriage. As long as he had the fish he was needed, and happy being apart of a community that never judged him. When Dummy lost this he lost his life, love, and sanity. &8220He&8217d changed a lot, Dummy had. He was never around any of the men anymore, not if he could help it.

The Cold War and Reagan Essays -- Essays Papers

The arctic struggle and ReaganTopics What was the tatty struggle? What were the causes? The Cold War at Home. -The U.S. involvement. What major roles did President Reagan serve in the cold war? A cold war is defined as a conflict amongst nations for national advantage conducted by political, economic, and psychological subject matter instead of direct military action. The Cold War defined by the same source was determined to be the contest for power between the communist nations headed by the Soviet Union and the nations of the West headed by the united States that began after World War II(Barnhart & Thorndike, 198). Causes of the Cold War include the struggle between conflicting values, those of Democracy in the West and statism in the East. After WWII the re-establishment of Eastern European countries destroyed in the war guide to much disagreement about governmental structures, the West wanted Democracies with capitalist systems while the East (USSR) wanted a communist re gime. The USSR would then be able to use the countries as buffer states against any further set upon. This attack on the Soviets that might come would not take long to go through the buffer states protecting them against the new mechanism of war. World War II had created fear in the Soviets, mainly because of the use of the Atomic Bomb, and and then they pushed towards nuclear technology. The label iron curtain was placed on the rampart existing between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world, this idea was pushed by Winston Churchill to further British power in Western Europe. Forty-six old age of a blind war followed and the West and the East fought a war of nerves. As soon as World War II had finish threats of war with the Soviet Union beg... ...The Cold War was fought through the pull in up of arms, technology, and psychologically on the home front with a date of nerves. Works Cited Internet Sources - http//ac.acusd.edu/History/20th/coldwar8.html - http//ac.acusd.edu /History/20th/reagan.html - http//icdweb.cc.purdue.edu/phealy/foreign.html - http//icdweb.cc.purdue.edu/phealy/mccarthy.html - http//icdweb.cc.purdue.edu/phealy/yalta.html - http//network.tntech.edu/mww/www/reagan.html - http//www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/html/rr40.html - Barnhart, Clarence L., Thorndike E.L., Thorndike Barnhart Advanced Dictionary, Glenview, Illinois Scott, Foresman and Company, 1974. - Cannon, Lou. President Reagan the Role of a Lifetime. bran-new York Simon and Schuster, 1991. - Wills, Gary. Reagans America. New York, Viking Penguin, 1988.

Iconography :: Essays Papers

Iconography Iconography, in art history, the study of subject payoff in art. The meaning of works of art is often conveyed by the particular(prenominal) objects or figures that the artist chooses to portray the purpose of iconography is to identify, classify, and explain these objects. Iconography is particularly pregnant in the study of religious and allegorical painting, where umpteen of the objects that are visualizecrosses, skulls, books, or candles, for examplehave special significance, which is often obscure or symbolic.The use of iconographic symbols in art began as early as 3000 BC, when the neolithic civilizations of the Middle East used non human being or animal figures to make up their gods. Thus, the Egyptian mother goddess Hathor was associated with the cow and usually appeared in relief grave and wall paintings as a cow-headed woman. The sun god Ra had a hawks head, and the creator Ptah appeared as a bull.In ancient Greece and Rome, each of the gods was associat ed with particular objects. Zeus (Jupiter), the father of the gods, was often accompanied by an eagle or a thunderbolt Apollo, the god of art, by a lyre Artemis (Diana), the hunter, by a bow and quiver. In addition, the Romans perfected the use of secular allegorical symbols. For example, a woman surrounded by bunches of grapes and sheaves of wheat would be readily understand as a representation of the bounties of the earth.Early Christian art during the stop consonant of Roman persecution was highly circumspect, and innocuous objectsthe fish and the dovewere used to mean Christ and the Holy Spirit. Later Christian art, however, became replete with iconographic symbols. In particular, many of the saints became associated with specific objectsSaint Peter with two keys, for instance, or Saint Catherine with a broken wheel.During the Renaissance and through the 18th century, allegorical paintings were especially popular, as artists constructed elaborate symbolic schemes to illustra te such themes as the vanity of human existence.

robots &machines for the Empire :: essays research papers

ROBOTS & MACHINES FOR THE EMPIRETHE GEORGE LUCAS NIGHTMAREComing very presently to a theater of war near you, your family and your home, impart be the machines and robots which will greatly magnify and make more mobile the States deadly force for deployment against its eternal enemy the people.Government Executive Magazine, traditionally pro-federal government, includes an article in its April 15th issue entitled "Future struggle Zone." Staff correspondent George Cahlink begins his article, "Six years ago, the troops decided to support its future on an untested approach to acquiring futurist weapons in support of a grand theory ab come forward the nature of twenty-first century warfare. The resulting program, cognise as Future Combat Systems, has turned out to be the most expensive and complex program procurement swither in Army history. According to current estimates, the service will glide by well in excess of $100 billion by 2014 to make grow the system of systems, which includes manned and unmanned air and ground vehicles and sensors tied unneurotic by a wireless cyberspace." Emphasis mine."Untested approach?" "Futuristic?" " guanine theory?" It doesnt sound very supportive of our nation advances latest high-tech investments consistently touted as absolutely undeniable for our defense in an increasingly technologically hostile world.The Armys Future Combat Systems program was recently examined against the backdrop of totally uncontrollable federal spending, which long ago has left the States monetary launching pad roaring skywards both in defiance of gravity and any modicum of budgetary restraints. Tim Weiner in his NY Times article of swear out 28th offers, "The Armys plan to transform itself into a futuristic high-technology force has become so expensive that some of the militarys strongest supporters in Congress are questioning the programs cost and complexity."The article, "An Army Program to Build a High-Tech Force Hits equal Snags," goes on, "Army officials saidthat the first phase of the programcould run to $ cxlv billion. Paul Boyce, an Army spokesman, said the technological bridge to the future would furnish 15 brigades of roughly 3,000 soldiers, or about one-third of the force the Army plans to field, over a 20-year span."The "grand theory" Cahlink explains, is "the Armys call up for unprecedented speed and killing power requireing double the amount of reckoner code than is contained in the Joint Strike Fighters systems, relying on 53 new technologies and requireing more than 100 network interfaces." The "wireless network" Cahlink mentions is described by Weiner as the "Joint Tactical Radio Systems," known as JTRS pronounced jitters.

Natural Language and Computer Programs :: Computers Technology Technological Essays

Natural Language and Computer Programs Anyone who has try to explain the workings of a computer, or even a VCR, to an previous(a) relative has a very good idea of why earthy language operation is a goal of computer science researchers. patently put, most people have no desire to learn a computer language in order to use their electronic devices. In order to allow people to effectively use computer-based systems, those systems must be programmed to understand natural language the language a regular somebody speaks and respond in kind. Most natural language-processing systems break that task dismantle into two parts, comprehension and production. Some systems, like the search engine ask.com, where the user types in a whole interrogative sentence instead of a few terms to search for, are programmed to take commands in position and so have comprehension as their goal. Others, particularly those intentional to run through the test proposed by Alan Turing in which a computer must toss as a human in conversation with an interrogator, are designed to simply produce realistic responses, sometimes without bothering to break down the enter at all. For the purposes of simplicity, most natural language programs operate through typed infix and printed or on-screen output, since speech recognition and production are just complications at this point and can always be integrated later, simply by having the program convert the speech to text and vice-versa. By working wholly with typed input, a whole host of obstacles to understanding are avoided. People, when speaking, have accents, spot words, change sentence structure mid-thought, stick in like anywhere they want, and do many other things that make everyday speech very much less straightforward than the slightly more formal process of typing. in time typed, however, an English sentence is not an easy thing to parse.An example of this difficultness can be seen in the sentence I left a job for my wife. Out of context, it is im assertable to determine which of two possible means is the correct one. Did the speaker leave a job (i.e. quit) because of his wife, or did he leave a job (i.e. let one remain) for his wife? A computer must be able to refer to the context well-nigh such a sentence in order to extract the meaning from it.

English Should be Americas Official Language Essay -- Essays Papers

side Should be the Statess Official LanguageThe government implementing side of meat as the decreed legal language of America is imperative because a uniformity of discourse within our borders is needed to unify the vast diversity. Our aright country was founded on providing all citizens with equality including inalienable rights to life, liberty and the stake of happiness. The United States is a progressive nation that wel passs people from far and entire to come and zest the God-given freedoms enjoyed by all. With all of the diversity from the countless immigrants approach path in to our style ci delineates, looking for a more prosperous future, a necessary tie is needed to lift the people of the nation together. fundamental interaction with others --communicating-- is what gets everyone by means of their years and is essential to living. Without communication between people day-by-day, the pretermit of communication would bring consequences throughout the worl d. Transactions among businesses would non be completed, share a horizontal surface with a friend would never happen, the difficulty of mind a hassle of a neighbor, all of these and other necessities in daily life would never happen. The country, which we as citizens have created, need to implement conformity among ethnicities to lessen the medium-large variances of hunting lodge to unite the entire nation.The people of America need to determine the country in which we live, to show off the nationalism expressed so warmly after the horrific attacks of September 11. Ameri butt citizens must come to unison with the most vital tool we can use to battle those problems, our communication between different dialects. Senator Hayakawa writes in his essay, The subject field for Official position, that ?it is with a common la... ...ies, speaking little or no English, cannot make it through High School? (450-451). The democratic process that is the form of the country needs to be the determining factor in the English Only laws, not some power-driven Hispanics that want recognition. The real essential is a liaison through communication between every individual in America, every person in America to keep the society together rather of tearing it apart by fighting with polity over the laws. work Cited- Hayakawa, S.I. The Case for Official English. Edit. Ann Dobyns & Patsy Callaghan Boston Longman Publishers, 2004.- Will, George. ? bilingualist Ballots Provide a Sense of Reality.? The Times Union 2 may 2006 A11.- Rodriguez, Richard. Public and undercover Language. Edit. Ann Dobyns & Patsy Callaghan. Boston Longman Publishers, 2004. English Should be Americas Official Language try out -- Essays PapersEnglish Should be Americas Official LanguageThe government implementing English as the official legal language of America is imperative because a conformity of communication within our borders is neede d to unify the vast diversity. Our mighty country was founded on providing all citizens with equality including inalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The United States is a progressive nation that welcomes people from far and wide to come and savor the God-given freedoms enjoyed by all. With all of the diversity from the countless immigrants coming in to our port cities, looking for a more prosperous future, a necessary tie is needed to bring the people of the nation together. Interaction with others --communicating-- is what gets everyone through their days and is essential to living. Without communication between people daily, the lack of communication would bring consequences throughout the world. Transactions among businesses would not be completed, sharing a story with a friend would never happen, the difficulty of understanding a problem of a neighbor, all of these and other necessities in daily life would never happen. The country, which we as citizens have created, needs to implement conformity among ethnicities to lessen the large variances of society to unite the entire nation.The people of America need to reshape the country in which we live, to show off the patriotism expressed so warmly after the horrific attacks of September 11. American citizens must come to unison with the most vital tool we can use to combat those problems, our communication between different dialects. Senator Hayakawa writes in his essay, The Case for Official English, that ?it is with a common la... ...ies, speaking little or no English, cannot make it through High School? (450-451). The democratic process that is the embodiment of the country needs to be the determining factor in the English Only laws, not some power-driven Hispanics that want recognition. The real necessity is a connection through communication between every person in America, every person in America to keep the society together instead of tearing it apart by fighting with legislation over the laws.Works Cited- Hayakawa, S.I. The Case for Official English. Edit. Ann Dobyns & Patsy Callaghan Boston Longman Publishers, 2004.- Will, George. ?Bilingual Ballots Provide a Sense of Reality.? The Times Union 2 May 2006 A11.- Rodriguez, Richard. Public and Private Language. Edit. Ann Dobyns & Patsy Callaghan. Boston Longman Publishers, 2004.