Latin American History and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Latin American History and Politics - Essay Example That step revived with optimism democracy and human rights to Latin Americans (Grow,2008). The influence of US to Latin America has been maintained up to date. That has been demonstrated severally by the current US president Barrack Hussein Obama when he took trips to Latin to address economic issues such as trade, security, Infrastructure, energy, employment opportunities among other determinants of a countries success. Most closely, Obama was quoted saying that if Latin America was doing well then US will do better. That is an implication that US is interested in well being of Latin socio-economic and political stability and they would impose all the required efforts to see that country thrill. In conclusion, the US efforts towards stability of Latin are commendable when we update history with the present. The efforts put forth with by the older presidents of US have been backed more strongly in the current government and has made a success the dreams of those who initiated

Communications Journal Essay Example for Free

Communications Journal Essay Write a 700- to 1,050-word journal entry in the narrative style. Refer to this week’s readings to inform your responses. Describe the flow of information in your company. In your journal, discuss the following: The intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and intercultural levels of communication within your company How information travels up, down, and across your organization and how it relates to the basic communications model The functions of the Y hierarchy of managerial communications. Does it apply to your organization’s communication hierarchy? A comparison of at least three managerial communication approaches you have observed in your organization At least three potential barriers to effective communications that exist in your company Format your journal entry consistent with APA guidelines. Information flow within an organization is just one key element to any organizations success. During this entry I will be describing the communication levels of Cubic, which is currently the organization that I work for. How that information flow from top to bottom, and the communication of the upper level management. I will also be comparing three managerial approaches within the company that I have observed, and three potential barriers to the communication within my organization. The intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational and intercultural levels of communications are all on display within the Cubic organization. There are multiple Taff’s within building 990 on Fort Irwin providing the same product for the government. Each Taff is comprised of six to nine personnel who are continuously communicating to provide a product for the government. Interpersonal communication is continuously conducted within each group so that nothing ever falls between the cracks. Indi viduals are always communicating with themselves due to the constant mission changes and be able to adapt to change quickly. There is a very diverse workforce here also, mostly all retirees but from many different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. As mentioned previously we generally work in small groups and communicate like one. It is almost like every Taff is its own little click,  we talk about others and they talk about us. So outside of our Taff we can generally be considered rivals in a matter of speaking. Information travels generally in one direction from our customer (Government) to us. There are occasions when we have a little say so in the actual product but for the most part it is a one-sided show. We have the Government, site manager Paul Zamora, our Taff Lead is Clarence Butler, and then there is the Taff. Generally the government provides Paul with marching orders that are eventually passed to out Taff lead Mr. Butler and we perform the tasks necessary to meet the quota of the government. The channel used is generally internet from the sender (government) to the Taff, via site manager and t aff lead. The feedback would be the product produced by the individuals working in the taff, and as long as the product meets the standards of the sender all is in good working order. The functions of Y Hierarchy of managerial communications do exist within this organization. Our manager is continuously creating and encouraging a wonderful work environment and providing opportunities for employees to take the initiative and self-direction. Management is always looking for new ways for employees to make significant contributions within the organization. Behavioral, empowerment, and contingency are the three managerial communication approaches that I have observed within the organization that I currently work for. Empowerment is the distribution or entrustment of power or authority to his or hers subordinates within an organization. Generally used when upper management is out of work for certain amount of time. Empowerment also encourages the employees to get more involved with the organization. The contingency approach is seen a lot in our Taff, Mr. Butler knows that there is more than one way to skin a cat and whichever way produces the best result is generally the path that is taken. This is probably the approach seen mostly around the Cubic organization because of the results that are produced. Behavioral approach comes with trust and individual character. Managers have been seen trusting and respecting the employees more now than ever due the product that the taffs put out for the military customer. Personality, emotional, and physical are the three potential barriers to effective communication within the Cubic organization. Everyone here has their own personality and that can sometimes create an issue throughout the  business day. Individuals are loaded with many traits that create personal attitudes, approaches, angles, quirks and different views on the world. There are many occasions in which this trait has stalled communication between two individuals and in some case hurt the overall product. Emotional barriers can be the worst. There are many individual at cubic that let things go straight to the head and forget that we are at the workplace. Emotions should not be brought to work with you at all, you should be able to brush things off and move on with the job. Managers are often seen using a softer touch to get through to the individuals with emotional issues. Physical barriers are one of the most common around my work place. There are many occasions that we are working with a wall between co-workers and with communication being the key to our success problem will generally arise on occasions. We have made complaints on many occasions with the same results â€Å"deal with it†.

Braham Stokers Dracula :: Dracula Essays

Free Essay on Dracula In the novel Dracula there are many qualities that are necessary for success. Firstly determination is a key factor to succeeding; secondly revenge is a factor in succeeding; furthermore fearlessness plays a big role when they go to kill Lucy; lastly intelligence is needed to make all the plans. When Jonathan Harker get captured by Dracula he is afraid, but he is also determined to get free. "I can not say in this room much longer for I shall die," he said. A small crack of light appeared through the stones. "I pushed the stone with all my might but it only move, I found a carving utensil which I used to make the hole bigger" said Jonathon. "The hole got bigger and bigger then the stone just fell out." When Jonathan Harker and the rest of the people go to hunt Dracula they are determined to kill him because they do not want Dracula to kill anyone else. In order to kill Dracula they must plunge a stake through it's heart, cut off it's head, and stuff it's mouth with garlic. They use silver knives to kill him just as the sun sets. "Get him before he flees" said Jonathan, "he must not get away." Arthur proceeds with the stake cautiously. "I got him" yelled Arthur. Abraham shoves a clove of garlic in the Count's mouth. "get him before he tries to get away." Jonathan and Quincey, use silver knives to cut off his head. "We have finally done it we killed Dracula" said Quincey. Jonathon was determined to escape. Arthur, Abraham, Jonathan, and Quincey are determined to kill Dracula. In order to get out of the Count's castle Jonathan thinks of three things survival, escaping and kill the Count for trapping him in the castle. "I can't die I have to get out, I have to end his rain of terror, he can`t get away with what he did to me" said Jonathan. This shows that Jonathan Harker wanted to kill Dracula through revenge, but he also killed him so Dracula would not kill anyone else. When Van Helsing, Holmwood, Seward, and Quincey Morris go to kill Lucy they must be fearless of the un-dead.

The Protestant Ethic as a Driving Force of Capitalism According to Max Weber and His Book „the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”

The protestant ethic as a driving force of capitalism according to Max Weber and his book „The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† Maximilian Carl Emil â€Å"Max† Weber was a German sociologist and a political economist. His work on sociology of religion is probably what he is best known for. He was trying to understand how religion – may have an effect on economic ethics despite the fact that the two terms are rarely related. His first work on the subject â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† is probably the piece which has defined his career as a sociologist.During the later half of the 19th century the world was beginning to experience rapid and fundamental changes. The Second Industrial revolution was rapidly reducing the cost of living, improving global life standards. Scientific breakthroughs and ideas were leading to a fast evolution of economical development while people like Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley and Geor ge Mendel were redefining the very concept of man’s place in the world. People were beginning to precipitate the world around them in a different way and it was rapidly transforming – a process which saw it’s conclusion after the First World War.Compare and Contrast Driving in the Winter and Driving in the SummerDuring such a period when came out Weber’s â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† in a world where the three biggest industrial powers (The British Empire; the United States of America; The Second German Reich) were protestant it is not hard to understand why he saw Protestantism as a factor for the prevalence of some countries over other. Throughout his book, Weber emphasizes that his account is incomplete. He is not arguing that Protestantism caused the capitalistic spirit, but rather that it was one contributing factor. He also acknowledges that capitalism itself had an impact on the development of the religious ideas.T he full story is much more complex than Weber's partial account, and Weber himself constantly reminds his readers about his own limitations. The book itself has an introduction and five chapters. The first three chapters make up what Weber calls â€Å"The Problem. † The first chapter addresses â€Å"Religious Affiliation and Social Stratification,† the second â€Å"The Spirit of Capitalism,† and the third â€Å"Luther's Conception of the Calling and the Task of the Investigation. † The fourth and fifth chapters make up â€Å"The Practical Ethics of the Ascetic Branches of Protestantism. The fourth chapter is about â€Å"The Religious Foundations of Worldly Asceticism,† and the fifth chapter is about â€Å"Asceticism and the Spirit of Capitalism. † The book is not a study of the Protestant movement in the Christian religion. It is more an observation of how the ideas it preaches have influenced Capitalism. Protestantism began with The Protes tant Reformation, also called the Protestant Revolt or simply The Reformation, which was the European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity.It was led by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other Protestants. The self-described â€Å"reformers† (who â€Å"protested†) objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, and created new national Protestant churches. There were many smaller bodies as well. The most common dating begins in 1517 when Luther published â€Å"The Ninety-Five Theses†, and concludes in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia that ended years of European religious wars. Protestantism offers a concept of the worldly â€Å"calling,† and gives worldly activity a religious character.While important, this alone cannot explain the need to pursue profit. One branch of Protestantism, Calvinism (established by John Calvin from whom the name of the movement derives), does provide this explanation. Calvinists believe in predestination–that God has already determined who is saved and who is damned. As Calvinism developed, a deep psychological need for clues about whether one was actually saved arose, and Calvinists looked to their success in worldly activity for those clues. Thus, they came to value profit and material success as signs of God's favor.Other religious groups, such as the Pietists, Methodists, and the Baptist sects had similar attitudes to a lesser degree. Weber argues that this new attitude broke down the traditional economic system, paving the way for modern capitalism. Having in mind all which has been said up to this point Max Weber deduced that the Protestant ethic was the driving force behind capitalism and the economical and social development in the countries which were the founders of the religious movement. Speaking from a strictly historical point of view the Reformation had its main influ ence in already developed cities and states.Thus it could be possibly true to say that the Protestant movement was only a result from an already developing capitalist system. This, however, leads to the question of why, during the Protestant Reformation, the districts that were most economically developed were also most favorable to a revolution. It is true that freedom from economic traditions might make one more likely to also doubt religious traditions. However, the Reformation did not eliminate the influence of the Church, but rather substituted one influence for another that was more intervening in the lives of its followers. The reformation is not a suspension of Church dominance over life but rather a transition to a different kind of dominance. † This may be the case in protestant countries but this does not take into account that after the Reformation there can be seen a shift of power in Europe form Catholic states like Spain, Italy and France to Protestant states su ch as England, the Netherlands, Germany and Scotland. Weber begins his study with a question: What about Western civilization has made it the only civilization to develop certain cultural phenomena to which we like to attribute universal value and significance?Only in the West does science that we consider valid exist. While empirical knowledge and observation exist elsewhere in science, history, art and architecture, they lack the â€Å"rational, systematic and specialized† methodology of the West. In particular, the development of bureaucracy and the trained official are unique to the West, as is the modern rational state. Weber makes a distinction in his work between capitalism and modern capitalism. For him capitalism has existed since ancient times and examples of capitalism can be found in Egypt, Babylon, India and China.In this category he includes different opportunities which are of accidental and irrational character and are related with quick accumulation of wealth . Such random occurrences are activities like money-lending, state contracts and state financing, tax ransoms, colony exploitation and monopoly, profiting from wars, revolutions, political parties and etc. All of these forms differ from modern capitalism because of their speculative nature and the usage of random chances for profit. According to Weber the specific key points of modern capitalism are: A strive for an uninterruptedly repetitive profit, †¢Achieving of profit through â€Å"peaceful chances of exchange† and not through violence and aggression; †¢The emergence of the primarily â€Å"bourgeoisie production capitalism† with its rational organization of the free spirit This new form is â€Å"the rational capitalistic organization of (formally) free labor. † This form reflects rational industrial organization, the separation of business from the household and rational bookkeeping. However, ultimately these things are only significant in their as sociation with the capitalistic organization of labor. Exact calculation–the basis of everything else–is only possible on the basis of free labor. † Weber says that we must try to understand what it was about the West that encouraged the technical utilization of scientific knowledge through things like bookkeeping. Similarly, we must ask where the rational law and administration of the West came from. Why didn't the political, artistic, scientific or economic development of other countries follow the same path of rationalization?Weber makes a connection between the Protestant ethic which was accepted after the Reformation process in Europe and economic development using this definition of â€Å"modern capitalism† Weber gives out a detailed analysis of statistical data which reflect the social stratification between Protestants and Catholics. The research was conducted using information gathered from countries of mixed religious composition – Germany , Austria and the Netherlands and he uses it to deduct that owners and business leaders, as well as the higher skilled laborers and personnel, are overwhelmingly Protestant.Weber also says that though it might be thought that the greater participation of Protestants in capitalism is due to their greater inherited wealth, this does not explain all the phenomena. For example, Catholic and Protestant parents tend to give their children different types of education. While most Catholics prefer a humanitarian education, Protestants who according to Weber are prepare themselves for a bourgeoisie way of life prefer a more material education in order to master specific skills related with industrial manipulation. He explains this with the difference in early upbringing.Catholics also have more of a tendency than Protestants to stay in handicrafts rather than to go into industry. This suggests that their environment has determined the choice of occupation. This seems all the more likely beca use one would normally expect Catholics to get involved in economic activity in places like Germany, because they are excluded from political influence. However, in reality Protestants have shown a much stronger tendency to develop economic rationalism than Catholics have. The task of Weber is to investigate the religions and see what might have caused this behavior.What does the term â€Å"the spirit of capitalism† mean? This term can only be applied to something that is â€Å"a complex of elements associated in historical reality which we unite into a conceptual whole from the standpoint of their cultural significance. † The final concept can only come out at the end of an investigation into its nature. There are many ways to define the spirit of capitalism. In order to best formulate it Weber put in regard what about the spirit interests him; this, however, is not the only possible point of view.To come up with a formulation, Weber presents a long excerpt from the w ritings of Benjamin Franklin. He says that Franklin illustrates the Protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism. The only work by Benjamin Franklin is â€Å"Autobiography†, which consists of useful advices mainly oriented at the poor. According to Franklin time is money, credit is money, and that money can accumulate money. He encourages people to pay their debts on time, because this allows you to gain the confidence of others. He also encourages people to present themselves as industrious and trustworthy at all times.Weber says that this â€Å"philosophy of avarice† sees increasing capital as an end in itself. He sees it as an ethic, and the individual is seen as having a duty to prosper. This is the spirit of modern capitalism. While capitalism existed in places like China and India, and in the Middle Ages, it did not have this spirit. All of Franklin's moral beliefs relate to promoting profit. They are virtues for this reason, and Franklin does not object to sub stitutes for these virtues that accomplish the same ends. However, this is not simply egocentrism.The capitalist ethic does not embrace a hedonistic life-style. Earning more and more money is seen completely as an end in itself, and is not just the means for purchasing other goods. This seemingly irrational attitude towards money is a leading principle of capitalism, and it expresses a type of feeling closely associated with certain religious ideas. Earning money reflects virtue and proficiency in a calling. This idea of one's duty in a calling is the basis of the capitalist ethic. The individual should feel obliged to pursue success in his professional activity.This does not mean that the idea only appeared under capitalistic conditions, or that this ethic must continue in order for capitalism to continue. Capitalism is a vast system that forces the individual to play by its rules, in an economic survival of the fittest. However, Weber argues that in order for a manner of life so c onducive to capitalism to become dominant, it had to originate somewhere, as a way of life common to a large number of people. It is this origin that must be explained. He rejects the idea that this ethic originated as a reflection or superstructure of economic situations.In Massachusetts, the spirit of capitalism was present before the capitalistic order took shape, as complaints of profit-seeking emerged as early as 1632. Furthermore, the capitalistic spirit took stronger hold in places like Massachusetts that were founded with religious motives than in the American South, which was settled for business motives. Furthermore, the spirit of capitalism actually had to fight its way to dominance against hostile forces. In ancient times and during the Middle Ages, Franklin's attitude would have been denounced as greed.It is not the case that greed was less pronounced then, or in other places that lack the capitalist ethic. The biggest opponent of the capitalist ethic has always been tr aditionalism. Weber says that he will try to make a definition of â€Å"traditionalism† by looking at a few cases but he advises that it should not be accepted by people and that he only uses it in order to explain its influence on opposing capitalism. First, there is the laborer. One way in which the modern employer encourages work is through price-rates, for example paying an agricultural worker by the amount harvested.In order to increase productivity, the employer raises the rate of pay. However, a frequent problem is that rather than working harder, the workers actually work less when paid more. They do this because they can reduce their workload and still make the same amount of money. â€Å"He did not ask: how much can I earn in a day if I do as much work as possible? But: how much must I work in order to earn the wage, 2 1/2 marks, which I earned before and which takes care of my traditional needs? † This reflects traditionalism, and shows that â€Å"by nature † man simply wants to live as he is used to living, and earn as much as is necessary in order for this.This is the leading trait of pre-capitalistic labor, and we still encounter this among more backward peoples. Weber then addresses the opposite policy, of reducing wages to increase productivity. He says that this effectiveness of this has its limits, as wages can become insufficient for life. To be effective for capitalism, labor must be performed as an end in itself. This requires education and it is not something which comes naturally to people. Weber then considers the entrepreneur in terms of the meaning of traditionalism. He observes that capitalistic enterprises can still have a traditionalistic character.The spirit of modern capitalism implies an attitude of rational and systematic pursuit of profit. Such an attitude finds its most suitable expression through capitalism, and has most effectively motivated capitalistic activities. However, the spirit of capitalism and capitalistic activities can occur separately. For example, we must consider the â€Å"putting-out system† when work is contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who completed the work in their own facility, usually their own home. This represents a rational capitalistic organization, but with still traditional spirit.It reflects a traditional way of life, a traditional relationship with labor, and traditional interactions with customers. At some point, this traditionalism was shattered, but not by changes in organization. Rather, some young man went into the country, carefully chose weavers whom he closely supervised, and made them into laborers. He also changed his relationship with his customers by making it more personal and eliminating the middleman, and he introduced the idea of low prices and large turnover. Those who could not compete went out of business.A leisurely attitude towards life was replaced by an economic way of life. Most importantly, it was usually n ot new money that brought about this change, but the new spirit which was starting to manifest itself in some people. People who succeeded were typically temperate and reliable, and completely devoted to their business. Today, there is little connection between religious beliefs and such conduct, and if it exists it is usually negative. For these people, business is an end in itself. This is their motivation, despite the fact that this is irrational from the perspective of personal happiness.In our modern individualistic world, this spirit of capitalism might be understandable simply as adaptation, because it is so well suited to capitalism. It no longer needs the force of religious conviction because it is so necessary. However, this is the case because modern capitalism has become so powerful. It may have needed religion in order to overthrow the old economic system. It is hardly necessary to prove that the idea of moneymaking as a calling was not believed for whole epochs, and th at capitalism was at best tolerated.It is nonsense to say that the ethic of capitalism simply reflected material conditions. Rather, it is necessary to understand the background of ideas that made people feel they had a calling to make money. Weber is very strict and analytical when he begins his analysis on the word â€Å"calling†. Both the German word â€Å"Beruf† and the English word â€Å"calling† have a religious connotation of a task set by God. This type of word has existed for all Protestant peoples, but not for Catholics or in antiquity. Like the word itself, the idea of a calling is a product of the Reformation.It is significant because it is the first religious term that gives any significance to earthly activities which have prior been neglected by all other religious doctrines and creeds. People are now perceived as having a duty to fulfill the obligations imposed upon them by their position in the world. Martin Luther developed this idea; each legi timate calling has the same worth to God. This â€Å"moral justification of worldly activity† was one of the most important contributions of the Reformation, and particularly of Luther's role in it.However, it cannot be said that Luther actually had the spirit of capitalism in mind when he wrote his work â€Å"The Ninety-Five Theses†. The way in which the idea of worldly labor in a calling would evolve depended on the evolution of different Protestant churches. The Bible itself suggested a traditionalistic interpretation, and Luther himself was a traditionalist. He came to believe in absolute obedience to God's will, and acceptance of the way things are. Thus, Weber concludes that the simple idea of the calling in Lutheranism is at best of limited importance to his study.This does not mean that Lutheranism had no practical significance for the development of the capitalistic spirit. Rather, it means that this development cannot be directly derived from Luther's attitud e toward worldly activity. We should then look to a branch of Protestantism that has a much bigger contribution to the development of modern capitalism -Calvinism. Historically, the four major forms of ascetic Protestantism have been Calvinism, Pietism, Methodism, and the Baptist sects. None of these churches are completely independent of each other, or even from non-ascetic churches.Even their strongest dogmatic differences were combined in various ways, and similar moral conduct can be found in all four. We see, then, that similar ethical requirements can correspond with very different dogmatic foundations. In examining these religions, Weber explains that he is interested in â€Å"the influence of those psychological sanctions which, originating in religious belief and the practice of religion gave a direction to practical conduct and held the individual to it. † People were concerned with abstract dogmas to a degree that can only be understood when we see how connected th ese dogmas were with practical religious interests.The capitalistic spirit was not the goal of these religious reformers; their cultural impact was unforeseen and maybe undesired. Weber observes that Calvinism expected systematic self-control, and provided no opportunity for forgiveness of weakness. â€Å"The God of Calvinism demanded of his believers not single good works, but a life of good works combined into a unified system. † Calvinism's most distinctive dogma is the doctrine of predestination. Calvinists believe that God preordains which people are saved and which are damned. Calvinists came to this idea from logical necessity.Men exist for the sake of God, and to apply earthly standards of justice to God is meaningless and insulting. To question one's fate is similar to an animal complaining it wasn't born a man. Humans do not have the power to change God's decrees, and we only know that part of humanity is saved, and part damned. Thus it became a psychological necess ity to have some means of recognizing people in a state of grace, and two such means emerged. First, it was considered an absolute duty to consider oneself as one of the saved, and to see doubts as temptations of evil.Secondly, worldly activity was encouraged as the best means of gaining that self-confidence. Calvinism rejected the mystical elements of Lutheranism, where humans were a vessel to be filled by God. Rather, Calvinists believed that they were only a way through which God worked. Faith had to be shown in objective results. They looked for any activity that increased the glory of God. Such conduct could be based directly in the Bible, or indirectly through the purposeful order of God's world. Good works were not a means to salvation, but they were a sign of having been chosen.This was a rational and systematic approach to life. Since people had to prove their faith through worldly activity, Calvinism demanded a kind of worldly asceticism. It led to an attitude toward one's neighbor's sins that was not sympathetic, but rather full of hate, since he was God's enemy, bearing the signs of eternal damnation. This implied a â€Å"Christianization† of life that had dramatic practical implications for the way people lived their lives. Furthermore, religions with a similar doctrine of proof had a similar influence on practical life.Predestination in its â€Å"magnificent consistency† was the foundation for the Puritans' methodical and rationalized ethics. The different branches of ascetic Protestantism had elements of Calvinist thought, even if they did not embrace Calvinism as a whole. Weber again emphasizes how fundamental the idea of proof is for his study. His theory can be understood in its purest form through the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. Calvinism did have a unique consistency and an extraordinarily powerful psychological effect.However, there is also a recurring framework for the connection between faith and conduct in the ot her three Protestant movements. Weber concludes his study with an attempt to describe the relationship between ascetic Protestantism and the spirit of capitalism. To understand how religious ideas translate into maxims for everyday conduct, one must look closely at the writings of priests. To demonstrate how religious ideas translate into maxims for everyday conduct Weber uses the writings of Richard Baxter as a model of ascetic Protestantism ethics.In his work, it is striking to see his suspicion of wealth as a dangerous temptation which could lead to relaxation, idleness, and distraction from the pursuit of a righteous life. Possessions are only objectionable because of this risk of relaxation; only activity promotes God's glory. Thus, wasting time is the worst of sins, because it means that time is lost in promoting God's will in a calling. Baxter preaches hard and continual mental or bodily work. This is because labor is an acceptable ascetic technique in the Western tradition, and because labor came to be seen as an end in itself, ordained as such by God.This does not change, even for those people who are wealthy, because everyone has a calling in which they should labor, and taking the opportunities for profit that God provides is part of that calling. Weber then attempts to clarify the ways in which the Puritan idea of the calling and asceticism influenced the development of the capitalistic way of life. First, asceticism opposes the spontaneous enjoyment of life and its opportunities – such enjoyment leads people away from work in a calling and religion.Weber argues, â€Å"That powerful tendency toward uniformity of life, which today so immensely aids the capitalistic interest in the standardization of production, had its ideal foundations in the repudiation of all idolatry of the flesh. † Puritans felt a duty to hold and increase their possessions. It was ascetic Protestantism that gave this attitude its ethical foundation. Asceticism al so condemned dishonesty and impulsive greed. The pursuit of wealth in itself was bad, but attaining it as the result of one's labor was a sign of God's blessing.Thus, the Puritan outlook favored the development of rational bourgeois economic life, and â€Å"stood at the cradle of the modern economic man. † It is true that once attained, wealth alienated people from Protestantism. In fact, we can see that the full economic effects of these religious movements actually came after the peak of religious enthusiasm. â€Å"The religious roots died out slowly, giving way to utilitarian worldliness. † However, these religious roots left its more secular successor a conscience about acquiring money, as long as it was done legally.The religious asceticism also gave the businessmen industrious workers, and assured him that inequality was part of God's design. Thus, one of the major elements of the spirit of modern capitalism, rational conduct based on the idea of a calling, was à ¢â‚¬Å"born† from the spirit of Christian asceticism. The same values exist in both, with the spirit of capitalism simply lacking the religious basis. Weber observes, â€Å"The Puritan wanted to work in a calling; we are forced to do so. † Asceticism helped build the â€Å"tremendous cosmos of the modern economic order. † People born today have their lives determined by this mechanism.Their care for external goods has become â€Å"an iron cage. † Material goods have gained an unparalleled control over the individual. The spirit of religious asceticism â€Å"has escaped from the cage,† but capitalism no longer needs its support. The â€Å"idea of duty in one's calling prowls about in our lives like the ghost of dead religious beliefs. † People even stop trying to justify it at all. In conclusion, Weber mentions some of the areas that a more complete study would have to explore. First, one would have to explore the impact of ascetic rationalism on other areas of life, and its historical development would have to be more rigorously traced.Furthermore, it would be necessary to investigate how Protestant asceticism was itself influenced by social conditions, including economic conditions. He says, â€Å"it is, of course, not my aim to substitute for a one-sided materialistic an equally one- sided spiritualistic causal interpretation of culture and of history. † The work of Max Weber can’t be understood properly without understanding the theories of Weber’s biggest ideological opponent – Karl Heinrich Marx. Only through the analysis of their main differences in the two ideologies can a stronger and broader understanding of capitalism be reached.Although the father of Marx was actually Lutheran this did not give him a view of life as the one preached by Weber. Marx strongly believed in what he called â€Å"historical materialism† for him everything is material and that the only way for changes in society to take place is through the struggle between classes. The general concept is that every economic order grows to a state where it has reached maximum efficiency, while at the same time collapsing on itself due to developing internal contradictions or flaws and weaknesses which result in decay.He believed that men are creators of their own history and they transform their natural habitat in order to fit their changing needs and desires: â€Å"Men begin to distinguish themselves from animals as soon as they begin to produce their means of subsistence. . . In producing their means of subsistence men indirectly produce their actually material life. † Throughout history men transform nature so that it better serves their own purposes. According to Marx, all societies go through five stages of history and capitalism is simply a necessary stage between feudalism and the final step of communism.The way in which men create their social organization is based on modes of pro duction. Changes within these societies occur because as the mode of production changes, it no longer fits the present social organization. Therefore, a new class and hence a new form of society emerges. Weber’s perspective was quite different. In fact â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† was written as a response to Marx in order to dispute the ideas which he puts forward. Weber has a different perspective on why and how capitalism came about.Rather than just focusing on how capitalism came about, he focuses on finding an answer to the question of why capitalism happened where and when it did. When he looked for differences in the capitalist cultures and non-capitalist cultures at the time he found that capitalism occurred at the same time as the Protestant reformation. The obvious next question for Weber was why it was the Protestant culture that led to capitalism. He found the division of labor that came naturally through capitalism to be a good thing. It did not lead to the separating of society into two very different and conflicting classes.Instead, it formed a number of different classes that were related to each man’s life style and calling. Each man’s God given calling was different from that of his fellow man because God intended it to be so. The division of labor led to the specialization of occupations and increased development of skills, which in turn caused an improvement in production. The division of labor therefore serves the common good. Marx had a completely opposite opinion of the division of labor. In his eyes, the division of labor is what leads to the formation of hostile and conflicting classes.These classes are distinguished by their access, or lack thereof, to the means of production and consequently, their level of power. However, similar to Weber’s view that your position within these classes is determined by an outside source, in Weber’s case God, Marx believed that you were born into your social class and that you could not change your position. According to Marx though, this division of labor is what leads to the vicious cycle of capitalism. The division of labor allows for work to become very machine like. Which, in turn, alienates the worker from his work and product.This alienation leads as well, to the estrangement of man from himself and from his fellow man because man’s identity becomes his work. The division of labor and mechanization of labor also standardizes jobs as well as the workforce. Thus making workers easily replaceable like parts of a machine. This is not a problem when profits are high and the economy is growing. During times of good economic conditions wages will increase as well. In turn, the profit margin on labor will decrease leading to layoffs and increased unemployment. This will cause small businesses to collapse and wages to once again decrease.However, at this point, consumption will have fallen because there i s less disposable income. Companies will again hire more of these standardized workers who will work for lower wages because they are unemployed. This will again increase the capitalist profit and the cycle begins again. This alienation of the working class is not at all natural and therefore causes great problems. As said by Marx, men are naturally productive creatures. The fundamental nature of man is his consciousness and his ability to control that which surrounds him.During the process of standardizing labor workers themselves become part of the end product and thus, â€Å"Labor produces not only commodities; it produces itself and the worker as a commodity† The working class becomes increasingly disgruntled which leads to a struggle between the lower and upper classes which, because history is dialectical and not static, will lead to a revolution that will cause capitalism to fall. These specific conditions of capitalism are what caused the alienation and exploitation, and thus, they are the specific conditions which must be changed.Accordingly, the working class will take over the means of production and bring into being the final stage of society, that being communism. Within communism false consciousness and alienation do not exist. Once the people recognize that we all depend on each other people will work more freely and voluntarily. It is Ironic that maybe the reasons behind which communism was not able to thrive in Marx’s homeland of Germany could be revealed if we use the thesis of Weber – In a country which has been a strict follower to protestant ethics and thus transformed it’s peoples there is no way for an idea such as communism to thrive.It is far to idle and is not so directly related with direct participation in the continuation of the world in a way which Protestantism would favor. A society in which all people are equal goes against everything which is considered principle in Protestantism – How can pe ople distinguish themselves from other if they are all equal? Thus, even though the strength of the religion had long faded its ethics were strong enough to determine the outcome. It is important to note that neither of the leaders of the Spartacist uprising of 1919 (Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht) were Protestants.As I once red in Paul Johnson’s â€Å"Modern Times† the world can be changed by a scientific research. Not just the field in which it is specialized but also in society a whole and thus – the entire world. Max Weber can be put among those people who have not just written endless and worthless papers (like this one); he is among the people who have had an important and significant impact on life with their contributions. His ideas have been used in politics, media, and economics; having an impact on the world as a whole. There will always be critics who stay pessimistic about the views expressed by Weber.Some say that geographical location was the main reason for the success of the Protestant countries and some even object that countries which prosper such as China and Japan are not even Christian, but it is not the role of the work to deduct that Protestantism was the way to success but only to sudgest that it had a guiding role. To use the fact that the Eastern Countries are not Christian as an argument, when they show so many of the qualities which for Weber were key for the success of the Protestants such as willingness to work and social unity is just absurd.Max Weber was tying to understand why the capitalistic system was successful in some parts of the world and why it did not in others. His work is not perfect it is far from it. But Weber was one of the first people to suggest that economic processes and problems can have their roots in other fields of human knowledge. To view economics as an end in itself is a mistake which must be avoided and yet it is still the case in different areas around the world including Bul garia.Maybe Marx was right that capitalism was a machine complex and yet not perfect because humans are not perfect; it is a complicated process in which the smallest factor can produce worldwide effects. Weber attempts to give a rational explanation for why it was developed where history determined for it to do so. â€Å"The master-economist must possess a rare combination of gifts. He must reach a high standard in several different directions and must combine talents not often found together. He must be mathematician, historian, statesman, philosopher—in some degree.He must understand symbols and speak in words. He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought. He must study the present in the light of the past for the purposes of the future. No part of man's nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard. He must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood; as aloof and in corruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician. † John Maynard Keynes

Analysis Of Cultural Landscape Essay

Cultural landscapes fall into three main categories. The most easily identifiable is the clearly defined landscape designed and created intentionally by man. The second category is the organically evolved landscape. The final category is the associative cultural landscape. Here the analysis is on Metropolis at Metrotown, which comes under the former category. Metropolis at Metrotown is a giant mall located in Burnaby, the third largest city in British Columbia by population, geographically sits in-between Vancouver and Port Coquitlam. The city is located just outside of downtown Vancouver and has evolved from a bedroom community to an urban centre and has lots to offer, from unique shopping areas, theatre productions, sports events and many more. The city has a mix of different religions and cultures. The ethnic identity is clearly visible in the city, northern parts of Hastings Street being well catered to Italian population, and south, Metrotown area with the mix of origins from China, South Korea and Yugoslavia. The time when SkyTrain, an automated train with advanced rapid transit technology, was constructed in the middle of 1980s, the dramatic development has started across the lengths and breadths of Burnaby, especially along Kingsway. This lead to the establishment of Metrotown Center in 1986, and consequently the residential areas around the commercial complex stood up in no time. Formerly the Shopping Mall was called as Metrotown Eaton Centre. But when Eaton was shutdown removing its stake, the Metropolis combined with Metrotown to form a single entity. Today this mega mall is the second largest in Canada. Today the expansion of the mega mall plays a major factor in the generation of economy and revenue from foreign exchange. The mall boasts the standard of living of the population in the city by giving employment. Job opportunities in the retail sector are expected to increase with about 97,000 new positions becoming available by 2011. Opportunities for retail sales associates, supervisors, and managers are expected to grow over the next eight years. The policy of recruitment is compliant with Human Rights Code, and prohibits discrimination in employment due to race, national or ethnic origin, citizenship, religion, age, sex, marital status, disability, language or record of offences. This mall plays a major role as one of the attractions of tourism. The mall offers attractive tourism programs like out-of-Town visitors, Group Travel Program, Meeting Planners and Sports Organizers, Hotel Shopping Packages. With the evolution of cross culture from different walks of the people, the globalization gave the speed to the spread of multi-national products in the city that never seen before. And these lead many more markets to see the light of the sun. This giant hall has around 220 shops, three department stores, multiplex theatres, restaurants, business offices, library, dental clinic, banks, cafes, spas and many more. The raise of public transportation in the form of Buses and SkyTrain emerged for the giant mall’s accessibility. And these add to the income generation from the parking and gas consumption. With the success of retail market, Government is benefiting in the form of Tax on the services and products. This giant mall is now touching the people from various walks of life. From the sales representatives to the market analysts , software engineers to librarians , cosmeticians to dentists, fashion designers to art suppliers, customer care executives , and the list goes on. If some people come to spend time in leisure, others come for partying. Round the clock this mall entertains the public with attractive events. Some of the annual events which include Clearance sales, Job fairs make the place the hot spot in the city. And the calendar always offers some new events to celebrate for the public like Fashion Shows, Music Awards, Contests and the list goes on. The mall is equipped with all necessary services to provide the public with the best shopping experience. The range of services include strollers, baby care in the food court, a nursing room, family washroom equipped with a baby change station and a Jellybean Park Play care. For giving the accessibility to all age groups, the mall provides wheelchairs on loan with free of cost. And sophisticated facilities are provided to the public to make their shopping enjoyable. Automated doors are located at most of the major entrances which includes Kingsway entrance, Real Canadian Superstore, Central Boulevard to name a few. It is also equipped with Passenger elevators. And modern, comfortable, and clean washrooms are available and they are also wheelchair accessible. Metrotown Food court caters tasteful food to public from various cultures and geographies. It is a very grand food court than the food courts of other malls in Burnaby. One can find Thai food, or a Korean cuisine ,or a restaurant making Caesar salad from Opa , along with the well known Burger King or A&W. The giant mall provides community rooms for the charities and non-profit organizations to make use of the infrastructure for the welfare of the community. Not only that, each year Metropolis at Metrotown donates nearly $1 million to charities and non-profit organizations, without discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or creed, to enhance the lives of the people in the community. Today the giant mall is one of the integral parts of the society and plays a significant role in the city’s economy and touches the lives of the people around the world, round the clock. References Anonymous (n. d) BCIT Retail Marketing Management Program . Retrieved March 26, 2008, from Anonymous (June, 2007) Metrotown Food Court . Retrieved March 26, 2008, from Anonymous (n. d) Tourism Programs . Retrieved March 26, 2008, from Anonymous (n. d) Cultural Landscapes – Categories and Subcategories . Retrieved March 26, 2008, from

Adventure Genre

The Action/Adventure Genre The Action/Adventure Genre The Action/Adventure Genre By Maeve Maddox Although I used The DaVinci Code as an example in my discussion of the mystery, suspense, and, thriller genres, Dan Browns novels might be more appropriately placed in the action/adventure category. The Public Library of Charlotte Mecklenburg County (NC) includes Browns The Lost Symbol (2009) in its list of Action-Adventure reviews. This explanatory note precedes the list: Also known as the male equivalent of the romance novel, these books offer intrigue, edge-of-your-seat excitement, and exotic locales with characters who are smart, daring, often heroic, and sometimes evil. Just how slippery genre labels can be, even for librarians, can be discovered in the list that follows this description of the action/adventure genre. One of the books. A Bad Day for Sorry (2009) by Sophie Littleton, is set in a sleepy Missouri town. and features a female protagonist in search of a missing toddler. Agent Jeff Herman defines the action-adventure novel in terms of premise and scenario trajectory. The plot resembles the traditional heroic quest story, the monomyth as defined by Joseph Campbell: A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man. The Hero with a Thousand Faces Hermans description of the genre evokes a 21st century setting: Some stories are stocked with an array of international terrorists, arms-smugglers, drug-dealers, and techno-pirates. Favorite settings include jungles, deserts, swamps, and mountainsany sort of badlands (dont rule out an urban environment) that can echo the perils that resound through the storys human dimension. (Jeff Herman, Guide to Book Publishers, Editors, Literary Agents [2010], p. 893.) The protagonist in this kind of adventure usually has a trusty posse helping him achieve the quest. Typically, one of the trusted group betrays the others. A site called The Art of Manliness lists 50 fictional adventure books that belong in The Essential Mans Library. Although the list does include the works of living writers, it is unexpectedly heavy on the classics. Kipling and Rider Haggard, for example, are well represented. Heres a sampling: The Call of the Wild, Jack London Treasure Island, Robert Louis Stevenson Captains Courageous, Rudyard Kipling She, H. Rider Haggard Jurassic Park, Michael Crichton Inca Gold, Clive Cussler A list of The Ten Greatest Action-Adventure Novels at Amazon yields these titles: The Stand, Stephen King Shogun, James Clavell The Hunt for Red October, Tom Clancy Starship Troopers, Robert A. Heinlein Team Yankee, Harold W. Coyle Red Phoenix, Larry Bond Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know7 Patterns of Sentence StructureWhen to use "an"

Free Essays on Mary Jo Hatch

Taking Organizational Theory to a New Level: Through Aesthetics and Emotional Expression Dr. Mary Jo Hatch is a Professor of Organization Theory. She teaches at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia. Dr. Hatch started her educational plight by acquiring a Bachelor of the Arts in English Literature from the University of Indiana. She also studied architecture during her undergraduate years. Her interest in aesthetics go back a long way. It was later in her life that her interest turned toward a career in business, so she decided to acquire her MBA in Finance from the same University. When pursing her Doctorate in Organizational Behavior, she tackled the ever so popular Institution of Stanford University (Commerce.Virginia.edu). At this point she began combining her interest in art with business when she wrote her dissertation on â€Å"The effects of Physical Space on the Way People Spend Their Time At Work† (acorn.lld) Her research interests include organizational culture, organizational identity, image and the corporate brand; and lite rary and other aesthetic approaches to management and organizing with particular interests in Jazz and theater as metaphors for organizing (Commerce.Virginia.edu). She has published articles on these and other topics in Administrative Science Quarterly, Academy of Management Review, Human Relations, Organizational Science, Organizational Studies, Journal of Management Inquiry, Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies, Human Relations, and European Journal of Marketing. She was the European editor for Journal of Management Inquiry from 1995-2000 and sits on the editorial boards of Corporate Reputation Review; Human Relations; International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management. She has written a textbook Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives (Commerce.Virginia.edu). Dr. Hatch also co- edited The Expressive Organization: Linking Ide... Free Essays on Mary Jo Hatch Free Essays on Mary Jo Hatch Taking Organizational Theory to a New Level: Through Aesthetics and Emotional Expression Dr. Mary Jo Hatch is a Professor of Organization Theory. She teaches at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia. Dr. Hatch started her educational plight by acquiring a Bachelor of the Arts in English Literature from the University of Indiana. She also studied architecture during her undergraduate years. Her interest in aesthetics go back a long way. It was later in her life that her interest turned toward a career in business, so she decided to acquire her MBA in Finance from the same University. When pursing her Doctorate in Organizational Behavior, she tackled the ever so popular Institution of Stanford University (Commerce.Virginia.edu). At this point she began combining her interest in art with business when she wrote her dissertation on â€Å"The effects of Physical Space on the Way People Spend Their Time At Work† (acorn.lld) Her research interests include organizational culture, organizational identity, image and the corporate brand; and lite rary and other aesthetic approaches to management and organizing with particular interests in Jazz and theater as metaphors for organizing (Commerce.Virginia.edu). She has published articles on these and other topics in Administrative Science Quarterly, Academy of Management Review, Human Relations, Organizational Science, Organizational Studies, Journal of Management Inquiry, Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies, Human Relations, and European Journal of Marketing. She was the European editor for Journal of Management Inquiry from 1995-2000 and sits on the editorial boards of Corporate Reputation Review; Human Relations; International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management. She has written a textbook Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives (Commerce.Virginia.edu). Dr. Hatch also co- edited The Expressive Organization: Linking Ide...

Interpreting Experiments Questions in ACT Science

Interpreting Experiments Questions in ACT Science SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Like most ACT Science questions, Interpreting Experiments don’t require you to understand the hard science behind the experiments. Instead, these Interpreting Experiments questions will give one interpretation of part of the passage and ask you whether that interpretation is true or not, using the data from the experiment. These questions have a predictable pattern to the question and answers, which you can use to your advantage. In this article, I'll cover the general format of Interpreting Experiments Questions, solve several ACT Science practice questions, and provide ACT Science tips to answer these questions. Format of Interpreting Experiments Questions These types of questions are usually stated in a variety of ways such as: Is the statement "_______" consistent with Figure 1? A researcher hypothesized that ________. Do the results of study 2 support this hypothesis? However, answer choices will typically appear in the same format: Yes, because of statement A. Yes, because of statement B. No, because of statement A. No, because of statement B. Most students who miss these kinds of questions jump the gun by deciding quickly on Yes or No before really looking at the data. As I mentioned earlier, answering these questions requires interpreting the data presented in figures and text and deciding whether the data support or contradict the hypothesis. Note: not all questions have answer choices where statements A and B are opposites. In some more difficult Interpreting Science questions, the answer choices may read: Yes, because of statement A. Yes, because of statement B. No, because of statement C. No, because of statement D. This is slightly more difficult since you can't rule out answers as easily, but you can solve it with the same strategy- consider whether each statement is true or false. Then, consider whether the true statements support the hypothesis in the question or not. We will attack these higher level interpreting experiments question next: ACT Science Practice Questions Interpreting Experiments Question #1 Notice how the 4 answer choices each have three parts (they do not fit the standard format). The first part is a Yes or No, answering as to whether the experiments support the hypothesis. The second part is statement A ("as capacitance increased, the time required increased") or B ("as capacitance increased, the time required decreased"). The final part is whether statement A or B was proven by experiment 1 or 2. The 4 answer choices are created by pairing a Yes or No with either statement A or B plus Experiment 1 or 2. The ACT is counting on you to get confused in your thinking. You might get excited and pick, Yes, but get the second half of the answer wrong. We'll avoid this mistake by breaking down the question into three parts. First, we're going to figure out whether statement A or B is true. Notice how in this case statement A and B are opposites. A states that time increased, but B states that time decreased. A and B can't both be true at the same time! So our first step is to use the data to figure out whether option A or B is true. Let's check out the corresponding figures: Table 1 corresponds to Experiment 1 and Table 2 corresponds to Experiment 2: Well, according to Table 2, as capacitance increases, time required to reach a certain voltage across the capacitor increases, so we can eliminate answer choices C and D. By eliminating C and D, we have also eliminated the normal next step in this problem, which is deciding yes or no. We are only left with yes, so the answer must be yes. Which makes sense since the hypothesis sets up a new experiment the same way and finds as capacitance increase time increases, so, yes, it is supported by the experiments since it had the exact same finding. Now, the only difference between the two remaining answer choices A and B is whether the statement came from experiment 1 or 2. Since the data came from Table 2 and Table 2 represented the data from Experiment 2, B is the answer. By taking this approach, we avoid the most common careless mistake of jumping to pick yes or no without making sure the explanation matches. Interpreting Experiments Question #2 Now, that we’ve tried a more formulaic interpreting experiments question, let’s try one where the answer choice all have different explanations: Note: This matches that second type of question we discussed above: Yes, because of statement A. Yes, because of statement B. No, because of statement C. No, because of statement D. The first part of the question is a Yes or No answering whether the data support her claim. Second, is whether statement F, G, H, or J support or do not support her claim. Now, we're going to figure out whether statement F, G, H, or J is true. So, our first step is to use the data in Figure 3 and 4 to figure out whether option F, G, H, or J is true. Let's check out the corresponding figures: To solve this problem, let’s look at each statement F, G, H, and J individually. F- the acceleration factor is dependent on enzyme concentration, but not on substrate concentration. Looking at figure 4 and at the line for Enzyme B (since the hypothesis claim refers to Enzyme B), we see that as enzyme concentration increases so does acceleration factor, until it sort of even outs or increases more slowly. Figure 3 looks similar; looking at the line for Enzyme B (since the hypothesis claim refers to Enzyme B), we see that as substrate concentration increases so does acceleration factor until it sort of even outs or increases more slowly. So the acceleration factor for Enzyme B is dependent on both enzyme and substrate concentration. We know F is definitely not the answer. G- the acceleration factor is not dependent on either enzyme or substrate concentration. We know this is false from our last finding. H- the acceleration factor is dependent on enzyme concentration, but not on substrate concentration. Also, false according to our initial finding. J- the acceleration factor is dependent on both enzyme and substrate concentration. This matches our finding, so it is the answer! Let’s review the steps to make sure you have this process down: Summary of ACT Science Tips for Interpreting Experiments Questions To solve Interpreting Experiments questions, we need to: Break down the answer choices into Yes/No + Statement A/B(C/D). Decide whether Statement A or B (or C or D) is true. If possible, rule out 2 answer choices. For the statement that is true, decide whether the hypothesis in the question is true or false. Pick the only remaining answer! What’s Next? I hope you feel ready to interpret any experiment! Check out the other types of questions on the ACT Science section such as factual questions, interpreting trends questions, and experimental design and hypothetical change questions. Looking for overall ACT Science review? Read our complete guide to the section. Taking the ACT really soon? Check out our guide to cramming. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Science lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

MBA FINANCE RESEARCH PROPOSAL . CREDIT RISK MANAGMENT OF COMMERCIAL

MBA FINANCE . CREDIT RISK MANAGMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANK A CASE STUDY OF ........WHICH bank case study we take that easy to collect the data - Research Proposal Example Financial institutions are facing many problems in the area of credit risk management. Credit risk is not only oriented towards the banks but it also occurs in all enterprises in the business world. Credit risk usually arises, when any of the trading partner fails to meet his full obligation on due date. This will seriously affect the trading practices of other partner who is associated with him. There must be proper balance maintained between the credit risk and other risks that influence the credit practices of the firm. The issue of credit risk is having a greater concern in banks because of the higher level risk associated. It also includes the changing business conditions and characteristics of the clients. The major causes for these problems are failure of banks in meeting the credit standards which are framed for the borrowers, failure in changing the policies with respect to the economic changes, under-graded portfolio risk management and the situations that lead to decline in credit standings of borrowers of the bank. Credit risk arises when the borrower fails to the terms and conditions mentioned in the credit agreement. â€Å"The goal of credit risk management is to maximise a banks risk-adjusted rate of return by maintaining credit risk exposure within acceptable parameters.† (Principles for the management of credit risk, 1999, para.2). The bank selected for the study is HSBC in UK. â€Å"The HSBC Group is one of the largest banking and financial services organisations in the world.† (Gokarn app as head of credit risk management of HSBC, 2006, para.6). It is headquartered in London and has its offices in more than 86 countries and has 8,500 offices all around the world. â€Å"HSBC provides a comprehensive range of financial services: personal financial services; commercial banking; corporate, investment banking and markets; private banking; and other activities.† (About HSBC: who is HSBC?, 2009, para.4). Research Hypothesis: Credit Risks

History Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History Final - Essay Example The Germans made an alliance with Australia while Belgium and Netherlands were neutral.UK alleged protection for Belgium. German declared war since it did not like the encirclement from the Russia and France. War communed when Serbia was fired from the Hungarian moved against Serbia while German helping them, Russia rose to defend the slave. The war began against Serbia by Austria- hungaria.This made Russia o come to defend the Serbia of which they invited their ally France to assist with the war German colluded with Belgium and France then moved to Russia. Paris was then evacuated in France causing the French warfare to start. This British were therefore killed by the French US in war.US entered in war in 6 April 1917 when German put a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. This was threatening America’s commercial shipping and they had to fight against these policies. The Second World War was as a result of the rise of dictatorial, military regimes in Germany, Japan and Italy, an occurrence arising from the Great Depression that was present in the world in the early 1930s. This part will examine the occurrence of the Second World War. The American depression produced effects especially in Europe. Germany had an economic disaster that resulted into social displacement. This made Hitler to rise. When the League failed to stop the second Japanese war in 1931, there were treaty violations. Hitler recreated German army in 1933 to prepare for war. In 1936 Hitler regrouped the Rhineland. Between 1935 and 1936 Mussolini won Ethiopia for Italy. From 1936 to 1939 the Spanish war started. Germany and Italy assisted the forces of Francisco to win the victory. â€Å"In 1938, Germany annexed Austria, and in September1938, the British and French policy of conciliation toward the Axis reached its height with the sacrifice of much of Czechoslovakia to Germany in the Munich Pact†. (Anonymous) In 1939, Germany engaged all of Czechoslovakia while Italy

A Brief for a financial case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Brief for a financial case - Essay Example However, in the past few months, the market share of Teletech Corporation failed to maintain pace with general stock market and with the telecommunication business index. Security forecasters had commented on the company’s uninspiring rates of return, particularly in comparison with the strong competition in telecommunication industry as well as unsatisfactory financial performance in the product and system division (Bruner, R. F., â€Å"Case Studies in Finance: Managing for Corporate Value Creation†). The product and system division was recognized as industrial leader in the telecommunication business and maintenance of this leadership status necessitates substantial outlay in research and development. As the entry of numerous companies in the telecommunication sector improved, the technological transformation and competition had also raised considerably. Converting the mission statement of Teletech Corporation into real world performance had become a difficult task for Margaret Wetson, the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Teletech Corporation in order to maintain its position in the market. Therefore, first significant requirement was to create a value of the company. In order to create value, Teletech had implemented economic profit as a measure of developing strategic decision regarding capital distribution, promotion, and incentive recompense (Bruner, R. F., â€Å"Case Studies in Finance: Managing for Corporate Value Creation†). The other method for value creation was evaluation of capital investment offers by using the hurdle rate. Hurdle rate is helpful for providing an amount of net present value (NPV) of each offer. The implementation of hurdle rate has become an issue of conflict within the senior managers of Teletech Corporation. The Vice President of telecommunication service division, Rick Phillips had depicted that without hurdle rate the threat of investment cannot be managed and telecommunication service segment will face lack of capital. He

Legal and Professional Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal and Professional Issues - Essay Example The training of nurses and other health care providers is aimed at making them aware of the legal and professional framework within which their practice should be based. This paper presents four case scenarios which illustrate various aspects of legal and professional conduct of nurses and health care providers as pertains to the use of medications, research and care of patients. The case scenarios are analysed in line with the legal provisions that are stipulated by the Australian Department of Health and regulators in Victoria. The analysis of the case scenarios includes a reflection of the ethical and professional issues that are being presented and what should have been done to avoid various forms of misconduct on the part of health care providers. Case 1 Case scenario 1 presents a situation where Nurse M has violated the law that prohibits the use of controlled medications without a prescription. According to the Department of Health, Victoria (2012), drugs that are controlled must be used only with a prescription from a physician or a doctor. This means that Nurse M has violated the legal framework as provided by the Department of Health. The law requires that the nurse is reported to the relevant authorities in accordance to the legal procedures that are ascribed by the department. This is to be backed by convincing pieces of evidence which would be used to determine the legal provisions in nursing care that have been violated by the nurse. In health care education, nurses and other health care practitioners are presented with relevant information and data in addition to guidelines within which they should base their professional practice (DeWolf, Bosek & Savage, 2007). These guidelines include the use of medication and ensuring th at the safety of patient is safeguarded. In this regard therefore it is argued that Nurse M disregarded the provisions of nursing training as demonstrated by the non-professional conduct in the use of medicine. In this case, Nurse M has also violated the standards of professional practice by taking controlled medication without permission. This is provided by the legal framework which protects medication within the hospital environment from theft and possible misuse or abuse of such drugs (Forrester & Griffiths, 2010). In this sense therefore, Nurse M has violated more than one count of the legal provisions in professional practice. Therefore both professional and legal considerations have to be put in mind in deciding upon the course of action against the nurse. Nurse M is obliged to take professional responsibility for her actions. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2012), nurses are obliged to conduct and practice nursing with professionalism and adherence to the laws which govern the practice and profession of nursing. The actions that Nurse M engages in are compromising to the care of patients. This is against the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. The code of conduct mandates nurses to practice in line with the standards of professionalism as defined within the broader health system (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2012). Since Nurse M denies her misconduct, taking action against her is a challenge which requires that evidence must be produced so that any form of doubt is removed before her actions can be measured in line with the provisions of the law. This case reflects a dilemma within the nursing profession where nurses are faced with hard decisions of responsibility. This is demonstrated by the fact that Nurse M is a single mother who is in need for her job.

Cell phone should use it on class room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cell phone should use it on class room - Essay Example Students prefer carrying their handheld cell phones in order to surf information faster as well as keep themselves updated with what is being taught in class. These pocket sized devices help students keep connected to each other as well as reduce the burden on paper because information is so readily available that students find it easier to learn and grow personally by having knowledge right on their fingertips. Teachers can mail children about their problems and home work and keep in touch with them in a better manner as well. Cell phones also have various applications which help students make notes as well as keep reminders about school and college events and happenings and thus make the entire process less tiring both mentally and physically on the child. Thus, students prefer to use their cell phones during class hours and it can actually be a boon for them. Almost every class room around the world has a no cell phone policy – and much rightly so. Cell phones have become the biggest distraction, especially in a student’s life because of the capacity of applications and tools that they contain. Students find it tough to work on essays with pen and paper and have become obsessed with copying and pasting information for their work from the internet. Thus, it is leading to retarding their learning and growth process. Not only this, but cell phones keep beeping all the time and distracting young minds from learning what is important. Since almost every student is connected to the other, an array of text messages and calls never leave them, even inside the classroom. Thus, there should be some hours a day where a student does not communicate via his cell phone, but pays attention to what is being taught. Most children take to playing games and spending their time on social networking websites with cell phones within the classroom, wasting precious learning time.

Evaluation of a Patient Education Tool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluation of a Patient Education Tool - Essay Example This is an example of a patient education handout useful to nurses and other health care professionals. The source of the patient education handout is the PERC (Patient Education Reference Center) from EBSCO publishing. The heart attack patient handout is an online tutorial suitable for the educational needs of all people (Freda, 2002). The heart attack patient handout has been designed into several sections and sub-sections with each of the sections presenting clear and concise content about heart attacks. The handout presents the definition of a heart attack, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. These sections and the relevant sub-sections are well explained in a brief and easy to understand format. The handout is appropriate for adults in general including heart attack patients, nurses and other health care professionals and any other person seeking preventive measures for heart attacks. The heart attack patient handout has been written using the 7t h grade reading level. Though the readability level of the heart attack patient handout may be high compared to other printable sources with less detail like pamphlets or fact sheets; the handout is easy to navigate because of its brief nature. The ease of reading in this particular handout is also boosted with the use of step-by-step instructions and medical instructions (Holly & sharp, 2013). As an educational tool, the heart attack patient handout can be said to be culturally appropriate. The main reason being that it provides evidence-based patient handouts that can be customized, printed and given to a patient by nurses and health care professionals. PERC handouts provide readability ease such as medical illustrations and are available in multiple languages. Therefore, these handouts are suitable for use in several cultural contexts because they are customizable and available in multiple languages. The most exciting thing about the heart attack education handout is the simple, concise and easily understandable way of its content. The handout is easy to read, has clear illustrations and step-by-step instructions about a heart attack. It’s a complete and simple guide for a heart attack patient and for any other individual seeking information relating to heart conditions. It also points out the need to schedule and attend periodic with medical providers or cardiac specialists. That is why it is provided as a supplement of face-to-face teaching and care by health care professionals. One of the advantages of using patient handouts is the fact that it enables nurses and other medical care professionals provide high quality care. Patients and any other person seeking information on heart attacks are able to access patient handouts which are evidence-based and cover all aspects of heart attacks. In addition, they also cover failures including prevention, procedures, discharge instructions, drug information among other useful information. Therefore, the hea rt attack patient handout is a very effective educational tool for a more general audience. On the other hand, there are also disadvantages of using patient handouts for educational purposes. For instance, a patient may not be interested or bother to refer to the handout. Patient handouts are designed for use by health professionals for patient

Cell phone should use it on class room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cell phone should use it on class room - Essay Example Students prefer carrying their handheld cell phones in order to surf information faster as well as keep themselves updated with what is being taught in class. These pocket sized devices help students keep connected to each other as well as reduce the burden on paper because information is so readily available that students find it easier to learn and grow personally by having knowledge right on their fingertips. Teachers can mail children about their problems and home work and keep in touch with them in a better manner as well. Cell phones also have various applications which help students make notes as well as keep reminders about school and college events and happenings and thus make the entire process less tiring both mentally and physically on the child. Thus, students prefer to use their cell phones during class hours and it can actually be a boon for them. Almost every class room around the world has a no cell phone policy – and much rightly so. Cell phones have become the biggest distraction, especially in a student’s life because of the capacity of applications and tools that they contain. Students find it tough to work on essays with pen and paper and have become obsessed with copying and pasting information for their work from the internet. Thus, it is leading to retarding their learning and growth process. Not only this, but cell phones keep beeping all the time and distracting young minds from learning what is important. Since almost every student is connected to the other, an array of text messages and calls never leave them, even inside the classroom. Thus, there should be some hours a day where a student does not communicate via his cell phone, but pays attention to what is being taught. Most children take to playing games and spending their time on social networking websites with cell phones within the classroom, wasting precious learning time.

Business writing - Informal Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business writing - Informal Report - Essay Example Although the NCLB act act was signed into law to help improve school performance it has not been as successful. On the contrary, the act has only narrowed the curriculum to the detriment of science subjects. The federal and state governments have continued to invest the vast amounts of resources that in public education. Over the past few decades, the average performance of American schools has increasingly stagnated. This has been particularly attributed to the effects of rapid globalization. . Consequently the stakeholders of the U.S public schools need to be informed of the causes of low performances (NCES, 14). This report will therefore be Significantly critical in providing valuable insights into the causes of poor performance in our schools. Finally the report will help in the evaluation of potential mitigation measures for the stagnating performance in American schools. There are a number of potential causes of the current problem of low performance in American public schools. One of such causes is the problem is misallocation of resources and poor funding. For example, public schools generally receive fewer funds and sometimes these funds are distributed unequally in these schools. As a result students in private and chattered schools tend to perform better. Characteristically, most public schools are understaffed though the students in these schools are many. This often result into low educational and staffing ratios or rather student-teacher ratio (Darling, 87). Generally, the current issue of inequitable funding and misallocation of resources can be attributed to the following reasons: Public schools in the USA normally allow corporations apart from the federal government to manage chain of these schools. Consequently this has brought about different policies and procedures for the management of these schools because there may be contradictions in the policies. i. Poor documentation of administrative procedures-

The Frankenstein & novel Essay Example for Free

The Frankenstein novel Essay The novel became the most famous work of Mary Shelley and since it was published, its popularity in the scholarly and lay audiences has been increasing among readers. This can be attributed to Mary Shelley’s ability to keep the story interesting through the narration of the story by Victor Frankenstein and the use of science fiction and horror in the story. This paper will explore how these elements/themes have been used in the novel to keep the story interesting and intriguing. Discussion The fact that the author uses Victor Frankenstein who is the victim of the monster’s horrific actions makes the story very interesting and easy for the reader to follow the events that unfold in the story. Shelley allows Victor Frankenstein to narrate his personal life experience in the novel and how his interest and obsession in science turned tragic when he became the target of horrific actions of the monster he created. In the beginning of the story, the novel explains how Frankenstein ended up in a ship that was being used by an English explorer Robert Walton. Walton’s ship became a refuge for Frankenstein who was ill. Though Frankenstein was in a poor health condition when he was taken into Walton’s ship, he was able to recover and narrate his personal life story and experience with the monster he had created. This element allows the readers to understand how and why the events that are described in the story occurred. The narration brings out the emotions and feelings of the characters that were triggered by the events that unfold in the story . For example, the anger, sadness, pain, disappointment and fear felt by the characters are well expressed. Furthermore, the narration enables the readers to have a clear understanding of the feelings and the emotions felt by Frankenstein throughout the story. Victor Frankenstein tells Robert Walton about his place of birth, family, education and his interest in natural philosophy and sciences which resulted to his obsession and discovery of how he could bestow life in a lifeless matter. In addition, Frankenstein’s narration of how his life changed after the creation of the monster allows the reader to understand his desperation, hopelessness and anger . For example, he narrates how the monster kills his family members and the execution of a family friend who was accused of killing Frankenstein’s brother. Hopelessness in this case emanated from the fact that he could not save the life of his friend . His heart was tortured his heart hence he left to wander in the Alpine valleys. The suffering that the monster caused to Frankenstein’s family members and friends is well explained in the story. Frankestein’s narration about the suffering that his family was going through as a result of the monstrous acts of the creature that he created is a clear indication of how the close relation between Frankenstein and victims of the acts affected the tragic events and horrific events that befell them. For instance, his father’s health was greatly affected by what was happening to the family members and friends. He was greatly affected by the deaths of Justine and William. Elizabeth who later married Frankenstein on the other hand became very sad. She failed to take delight in her ordinary occupation and was in tears. Her happiness vanished and the sorrow created by the horrific deeds of the monster removed her dearest smiles from the face. According to Frankestein,Elizabeth could no longer see the world as it was because of the miserable death of Justine Moritz whom she was convinced was innocent. Frankestein points out that he listened to Elizabeth’s opinion about what was happening with great agony. He considered Elizabeth to be a gift of fortune and was worried that the monster could take her away from him. When the monster eventually killed Elizabeth, Frankinstien was devastated. And through the story explains how he chose to deal with despair and sought relief through change of place as well as bodily exercise. For example, he explains how he sought to forget himself and the sorrow he felt by visiting the Alpine and the valley of Chamounix. His feelings due to the interaction with nature brings out his desire to go back to old world where there was no sorrow and despair. Another element that maintains the interest of the reader in the story is the incorporation of science fiction. The novel Frankenstein marked the pioneer work of science fiction (Stableford, pg. 48). At a time when Shelley wrote the story, industrial revolution was being witnessed in Europe. This novel introduced science fiction in literature, an element that was not common in many literature sources. The story introduces science fiction when a monster is created from lifeless matter. The novel provides an account of how â€Å"monstrousness† can arise and Victor Frankenstein in the novel is portrayed as an archetypal man who is destroyed by his own creation (Stableford, pg. 46). Shelley as a writer wrote according to gothic fiction hence her employment of the concept of science and the theme of science versus nature was not popular. For some readers, they consider the novel to be a lesson to the modern world how a scientist can be punished for trying to interfere with the divine prerogative of creation. Furthermore, the merging of the art of fiction and the academic study of science gave Shelley’s story of Frankenstein interesting to many readers. The emotional reaction of the readers to the creation of the monster gives the novel some permanence while the emotional investment in the characters by the writer makes this science fiction book a novel rather than a speculative essay on what can happen in future. This makes it interesting for the readers. Over the years, the novel has inspired other writers publish science fiction work. For instance, the novel explains how Victor Frankenstein was able to give life to lifeless body parts he collected from slaughterhouses, graveyards and dissecting rooms. The coming into life of the creature which is referred to as â€Å"monster† in the novel turns Frankenstein’s life into a nightmare. The monster manages to kill his family members and Elizabeth whom Frankenstein had married. There is no doubt that the incorporation of science fiction in the Frankenstein arouses the interest of the writer in science, a concept that has become popular in contemporary literature and film industry. To Frankenstein, creating the monster had been his desire and dream that turned tragic. Science fiction provides literature and film makers to become creative and arouses the interest of the readers in science-related issues. The story makes clear the consequences of science-related innovations and in this case, the consequences of bringing into life a new creature by Frankenstien. In Frankenstien,the process of creating a monster by the scientist began when his interest and obsession with human nature had him embark on a mission with the sole purpose of giving life to an lifeless body. This deprived him good health conditions and adequate time for good rest. However,Frankestein failed to celebrate the success of his creation because not long after he gave life to the creature, the beauty of his dream vanished and only disgust and breathless horror filled his heart(Shelley,pg. 69). Frankenstein asserts that he had created a miserable monster. This had him experience great bitterness, disappointment and horror. Despite his obsession and interests to provide life to a lifeless creature, Frankestein came to admit and realize that the creation of a monster was a misfortune. As a result of his discontent with the creation of a new monster, Frankestein suffered from a nervous fever. The fever had him confined for several months. Henry became his only nurse and throughout the period of his illness, the form of the creature that Frankenstein had given life was always before his eyes and mind. Frankenstein lacked happiness and his life was filled with sadness after he created the monster . The impact of Frankenstein’s actions and desires had grave consequences in his life and the lives of the loved ones. For example, after Justine was convicted for a murder that was committed by the monster, Frankenstein was filled with remorse and despair. Although he had began his life with benevolent intentions and looked forward to the moment when he would successfully put his intentions into practice and become useful to the other human beings, he was convinced that he had committed deeds of mischief and an error after he managed to create the monster. Unfortunately, rather than bring him self satisfaction, the creation of a monster brought him hopelessness, fear and remorse for all the horrific deeds it got involved in. The creation of a monster in the novel and the need to learn more about the creature makes the story interesting for the readers. For example, the desire to know the consequences of the actions of the monster on Victor Frankenstein and his family increases one’s interest in the book. Whenever Frankenstein thought about the monster and its revenge against him, he gnashed his teeth and his eyes would become inflamed. He wished that he could extinguish that life he had bestowed on the creature. Because of the malice and crimes, Frankenstein developed anger and hatred towards the monster and the desire to revenge the monster’s crimes. He wished he could see the monster in order to avenge the deaths of Justine and William and because he became remorseful of unalterable evils of the creature, he feared that the monster he had created could perpetrate new wickedness in the society. It is a lesson to the readers on how scientific innovation and development can have detrimental effects of the lives of many people. Horror in the novel story Frankenstein is created by the presence of a monster that is on a revenge mission. The horror is connected to the theme of science fiction because horrific acts are perpetrated by the monster that was created by Frankenstein. Frankenstein’s interest in electricity, natural philosophy, mathematics and chemistry resulted to an obsession and fascination with the principle of life and human frame. Fanatical studying assisted him to bestow life on lifeless matter to create a monster. Rejection by its creator, Victor Frankenstein together with the society angered the monster who went on a revenge mission by killing family members and close friends of Frankenstein. The monster killed a family member, had a close wrongfully executed and murdered Elizabeth who was the woman that Frankenstein loved . The revenge mission of the monster becomes a horrifying experience for the Frankenstein and his family. The interest of many readers emanates from the fact that Frankenstein creates introduces a monsters who is created by the man’s attempts to integrate nature into his untamed desire to create as well as to application of knowledge. Some readers and scholars assert that this story can be considered to be a modern myth that applies science to create the ‘monster†. The prolific fictional and scientific research of Victor Frankenstein resulted to the creation of a monster which made life difficult for him. The story explains the horrifying deeds of this monster which contributed to the ill health of Frankenstein. From the beginning, Frankenstein’s view of his creation brings out the horror aspect. He regrets instantly of his work when he brings the creature into life. His disappointment is expressed in â€Å"I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body, but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished (Shelley, pg. 56). The creature is described as horrifying and full of rage because of being abandoned by its creator. Mary Shelley’s story brings out intrigue, creativity and imagination which make clear the horror that the story creates. Tension and horror in this story maintains the interest of the reader when the monster that is created using gothic motive is subjected to the earthly life styles. The horrific actions of the monster resulted to numerous misfortunes for Frankenstein’s family and friends. After creating the monster, Frankenstein experiences great fear, regret and develops hatred for his deeds and actions. For example, the suffering that the creation of the monster caused Justine who was convicted and executed for a murder she did not commit is expressed in chapter eight of the novel. Frankestein states that he was in despair when Justine was suffering for the consequences of a creature that he had created. He says that he was torn by remorse, horror and despair as he witnessed the people whom he loved mourn for the deaths of Justine and William. It was the thirst of a man for knowledge that resulted to the monstrous creation that defied both natural order and nature. The description of the night when Frankenstein created the monster symbolizes horror. For example, the night Frankenstein gave life to the monster is described as â€Å"the dreary night of November† (Shelley, pg. 42). The events that are described in the whole story bring out the element of horror. To begin with, Victor Frankenstein confirms that he was horrified after looking at the monster he had created and this made him flee from his laboratory to abandon the creature. This creature had a horrifying appearance that made the society reject its efforts to become part of the society. Frankenstein describes and expresses how horrified he became after creating the monster â€Å"unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room and continued for a long time traversing my bed chamber, unable to compose my mend to sleep. Furthermore,he expresses his conviction that the creature he had created had the power to effect purposes of horror as indicated in the statement â€Å"I considered the being who I have cast among mankind and endowed with the will and power to effect purposes of horror(Shelley,pg. 92). The monster managed to learn language and become a civilized person. The fact that the monster had been considered by the society members to have murderous intentions increased its anger towards Victor Frankenstein who had not only created him but also abandoned him. This triggered monstrous actions of the creature which sought revenge against its creator and marked the beginning of a cycle of destruction whereby both the monster and Frankenstein pursued each other and hatred between the two continued to grow (Mellor, pg. 73). Conclusion The Frankestein, written by Mary Shelley is one of the most famous novels written by the author. As a result, the book has succeeded in attracting many readers to read the book. There are various key elements/themes in the book that have made the book very popular for both scholarly and lay audiences . These elements include the narration of the story by Victor Frankenstein who became the victim of the monsters’ revenge actions, the horrifying experiences expressed in the book and the use of science fiction. Some readers have asserted that contemporary issues in the novel themes include the moral implications of scientific discovery and one’s personal zeal for success can have detrimental impact on others. Works Cited Knoepflmacher, U. C. and Levine, George. The Endurance of Frankenstein: Essays on Mary Shelleys Novel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979 Mellor, Anne. Mary Shelley; Her Life, Her Fiction, Her Monsters. Routledge, 1989 Shelley, Mary. Frankestein. Collector’s Library, 2004 Stableford, Brian. Frankenstein and the Origins of Science Fiction. Anticipations: Essays on Early Science Fiction and Its Precursors. Ed. David Seed. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1995