Laboratory Management- General Functions of a Laboratory Manager

MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT (MLB 2120) BTECH BIOMEDICAL engine room ASSIGNMENT 2 APPRAISE MANAGEMENT STYLES APPLICABLE TO THE LABORATORY meshing 19 MARCH 2013 JJ. ROSSOUW S210034297 Contentspage Introduction3 What is expected from a bus? 3-4 What knowledge and skills do they pauperisation? 4 What genteelness and qualifications do they direct? 4 Five basic functions of a sufficer5 Roles bring abouted by buss5-7 Skills necessary by a motorcoach8 Conclusion 9 References10 Introduction In this arrangement the public functions of a research lab manager is being discussed.The laboratory(lab) manager is involved in organizing every(prenominal) aspects of the laboratory environment. They supervise general modelflow to en true that the provide pertains to professional customer service. They do the maintenance of equipment such as the persona control, pricing, purchasing and the day-to-day functioning of the lab. The lab manager essential pick out excellent customer s ervice skills in order to liaise with photographers and designers. They must set up clear communication channels and develop systems and strategies to take in with fast-moving and sometimes unpredictable workload.Read thisRespiratory ActivityThey are besides need to keep up with the latest education in technology and attend to improve productivity, profit cogency and client satisfaction (http//www. ceartiveskillset. org). What is expected from a research lab manager? * A lab manager must organize and manage the workflow in the laboratory. * They must co-ordinate activities throughout the laboratory. * It is expected that they intend work amongst the various technicians and technologists. * They must monitor outputs and keep record of workflow and the usage of supplies. * They must supervise the ordering and delivery of new laboratory supplies. They must test and calibrate equipment to ensure optimum results, monitor chemistry in equipment. * A lab manager must perform shad e tests and ensure the company meets its quality assurance standards. * They must over learn customer service to maximize sales. * They must promote the continuing professional development of staff and oversee the training of trainees. * A lab manager must therefore make risk assessments for the laboratory and ensure that the companys Health & Safety policy is observed. * The lab manager may in addition be involved in the development of new products and service to kick upstairs the growth of the business. It is besides required that a lab manager work long hours, however they are fairly well paid and have it away the benefits of a regular salary, holidays and a company pension. What knowledge and skills do the film to have? The lab manager must possess excellent touch vision and have an excellent eye for colour, contrast, density and other graphic effects. They must also possess cheeseparing analytical, problem solving and ending making skills. They must have a positive, pro -active attitude and pay tight fitting attention to detail. They need first class planning and time-management skills.They must also have the ability to instigate staff members. They should be a good listener and have the ability to communicate ideas and instructions clear and in a concise manner. They should be able to understand graphs and accounts, maintain true records, and put schedules and reports together. Lab managers need to have an excellent all turn knowledge of all the equipment and processes used in the laboratory. They must have IT and digital Imaging skills. They must always stay calm and take headed and be able to make racional determinations under stressful conditions. What training and qualifications do they need?Most laboratory managers first work as a technician or technologist before becoming a lab manager. Therefore it is required that they do some form of management training courses that may be useful. Employers usually place to a greater extent value on applicants who have training and experience in the operation of most forms of processing, digital imaging and effect equipment. There are five basic functions of a Manager 1. Planning- this ill-use involves mapping out exactly how to achieve a particular goal. 2. Organizing- afterwards the plan is in place, a manager needs to organize the employees and assign work and granting authority. . Staffing- After a manager discerns their areas needs, they decide to beef up staffing by recruiting, selecting, training and developing employees. They often work with the Human imaging department to approach this goal. 4. principal- A manger must do more than just plan, organize to achieve their goals but they must also lead. Leading involves motivating, communicating, guiding and encouraging. It requires the manager to coach, assist, and solve problems with the employees. 5. Controlling- After the other elements are in place, a managers job is not finished.They need to infinitely check re sults against goals and take any corrective actions necessary to make sure that their areas plans remain on track (http//m. cliffsnotes. com). Roles performed by managers A manager wears many an(prenominal) hats. non only are they a teamleader but are also involved in planning, organizing coaching, problem-solving and decision-making. Managers schedules are usually jam-packed. hydrogen Mintzberg describes a set of ten roles that a manager fills. These roles fall into tierce categories * Interpersonal this role involves kind interaction. * Informational This role involves the sharing and analyzing of information. Decisional This role involves decision making. Table 1 explains the category roles that a manager carries out. Table 1 Mintzbergs set of Ten Roles Category Role Activity Informational oversee Seek and receive information scan periodicals and reports maintain personal contacts with clients. propagator Forward information to nd phone calls. organization members via me mos, reports Spokesperson radiate information to outsiders via reports, memos and speeches. Interpersonal Figurehead Perform ceremonial and symbolic duties such as greeting visitors and signing legal documents. Leader Direct and motivate subordinates counsel and communicate with subordinates. Liaison Maintain information links both(prenominal) inside and outside the organization via mail, phone calls, and meetings. Decisional Entrepreneur Initiate proceeds projects identify new ideas and delegate idea responsibility to others. Disturbance coach-and-four Take corrective action during disputes or crises resolve conflicts among subordinates adapt to environment. election allocator Decide who gets resources prepare budgets set schedules and determine priorities. Negotiator toy department during negotiations of union contracts, sales, purchases, and budgets. Skills required by a manager Not anyone can be a manager. Certain skills, or abilities to translate knowledge in to action that results in desired performance, are requires helping other employees plump more productive. These skills fall under the following categories * Technical This skill requires the ability to use a special proficiency or expertise to perform particular tasks. * Human This skill demonstrates the ability to work well in cooperation with others.Human skills emerge in the workplace as a spirit of enthusiasm, and honest involvement in interpersonal relationships. A manager with good human skills has a high degree of self awareness and a capability to understand or empathize with the feelings of others. * Conceptual This skill calls for the ability to hold analytically. Analytical skills enable managers to break down problems into smaller parts to see the relations among the parts and to recognize the implications of any one problem for others. Although all three categories contain skills essential for managers, their relative mportance tends to vary by level of managerial responsibilities. Conclusion A laboratory manager/general manager plays an important role in any organization or company. A manager has to have certain characteristics in order to be a successful leader. They are also required to possess certain leading skills, in order to be a great leader. References Lab manager (n. d). Skillset, viewed 19 February 2013, http//www. creativeskillset. org/uploads/pdf/asset_10118. pdf? 4. Functions of Managers. CliffsNotes. com, viewed from http//m. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/Functions-of-Managers. topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8848. html.

Stance Essay

This sponsorship jakes advantage a huge number of learner TTS, many argue that corpo run influences are non vital in the school environment. The potent al increment in the achievement rate of scholars because of corporate sponsorship exceeds t he conceivable negative set outs of the sponsorship. merged sponsorships are beneficial to schools who are financially struggling g. Students that are not slacken offn these opportunities are less inclined to perform w ell in school because of the aptitudes they may need in.Notwithstanding that, students the at have a significant appreciation for particular sports would feel less inspired by sack to class in cloudless of the schools powerlessness to have sports. On the glowering chance that a partner ship is sufficiently liberal to give a lot of cash to a school to start up any sort of sports teams, they would profit extraordinarily. Not just in light of the fact that they would be sat Yin active, but because colleges bequeath see t hat they did outside activities during their SC hollow career and it will look like the student is taking initiative and showing commitment.More over, a constrained measure of sports or academic clubs can keep a student from EAI rang a scholarship, in this way, also keeping them from going to school. Case in point , lead had donated over 50,000 dollars to grants for children to go to Camp Cayman. C amp Cayman is an heart-to-heart air school that spotlights on sports. The grants honored to these students provided for them the chance to take part in the programs given at t he school that they overall couldnt afford. One protest to corporate sponsorships in schools relates to the likelihood of active impacts on the students by the companies.Such a contention is imperative w hen managing barrier 2 naive high scholars. Obviously, it is vital that the partnerships be picked built not just with respect to the measure of cash they can offer, yet the mental object they are sends Eng to students. Case in point, if a student is given the preference to have a Macomb contrasted WI the a Dell machine, they would pick the one more than suited to their needs. Simply on the g rounds that their school hit an collection with Apple, does not so much mean they will pick t e Macomb on the grounds that it was made by Apple.Truth be told, it can open up the stud nets eyes to little partnerships that bailed them out in their school and it brings issues to light f or them. This mindfulness wont guarantee that students will exclusively depend on one org animation, yet grow their viewpoints and shine different organizations. Corporate sponsorships have the capacity to help schools who cant bear to fishgig eve their students the best that they deserve. Both sponsor and the supported profit FRR mummy corporate phonographs.

Duke Ellington: the Music, Politics, and His Story Essay

Duke Ellington was a billetal and political genius he was the Statess moreover original tuneful mind. He was non exclusively a performer, simply a composer. He learn the craft of paper by observing others instead of disciplined study. superstar important doer of Ellingtons melody was its relation to black heritage and African the Statesn business relationship. His symphony Black, browned, and beige displayed the African American make out in America. non solitary(prenominal) did Ellington use his harmony to portray the struggle, voice, and triumph of black Americans, he utilise his professionalism, originality, persuasiveness, and political performances.Edward Kennedy Ellington was innate(p) in 1899 and undisturbed, arranged, and performed music for the majority of his life. Ellington was born and raised in a middle-class family in Washington D. C. , and that is where he primary acquired his racial beliefs. During his grade school years, an emphasis of identity, pride, and history was instilled in the minds of him and his classmates. He was taught to command respect, not demand it. This meant that he was to act and come up to in a respectable manner if he expected to be respected. He first began taking piano lessons at the age of vii but did not have particular interest in the occupation at that period.In amply school, he became interested in rag week music. Also in his high school years, he acquired the nickname Duke because of his strange choice of attire, and today, many believe that is his actual name. At age sixteen, Ellington was shake by a hot pianist and patch upd that he treasured to be able to play like that. His knowledge of music was predominantly learned by ear, although he ultimately learned to read music and took harmony lessons. Although he did have some music lessons, around of his melodious mastery was self-taught by experimentation.Ellington became a professional pianist by the precious age of seventeen. Mu sic was not his single artistic interest he withal excelled at visual arts. He was awarded an art scholarship to the Pratt Institute, but he preferred to play gigs instead. Duke eventu whollyy started a plenty of his own, in the beginning containing altogether four players other than him. As the flock expanded, he utilise the new phalluss as resources to draw a better product. Ellington and his doughnut began a six-month residency at the New York Hurricane restaurant. There, he accompanied floor shows until he became the featured artist and broadcasted on the radio.In 1927 after the residency, he and his orchestra know as the Washingtonians moved to the like Club in Harlem. He and his mountain were said to have put the Cotton Club on the stand for. While at the Cotton Club, his music was frequently referred to as hobo camp music due to his bands trademark use of underwater diver mutes to create growling unspoilts. Often while his orchestra played, there would also be a skit being performed that was nearly primitive. At the Cotton Club, the families of African American performers had to sit in a separate section of the audience.Although Ellington was upset by this, he continued to perform at the Cotton Club because it was his luck to enhance his c atomic number 18er and popularity. Duke always made sure that he and his band were dressed and behaved as gentleman in order to represent African American pride, beauty, and artistry. Unlike other African American artists of the time, Ellingtons compositions were used for the sake of listening purposes, in comparison to just background music. privateness was demanded. People who broke the silence were given a warning and and then asked to leave if they disregarded that warning.This was the first time an African American band was regularly broadcasted nationally. As Dukes music gained popularity, this became many ovalbumin Americans first encounter with African American music. A radio popularity pol l concurred They are heartily admired by the white as the tricked mountain. sensation of Ellingtons most prominent composing techniques was that he composed part for the particular individual in the band rather than the different instruments. When he wrote a composition, he did so with the characteristic sound of the soloist in mind. An congresswoman of a musician with a distinctive sound is insurgent Hodges.maverick Hodges was a member of Dukes orchestra who had complete independence of expression, Ellington said. Ellington also utter that Hodges was the only man he knew who could pick up a cold horn and still play in tune. The specific sound of the individual was so important to a piece that if a member was to leave, the composition would almost always be omitted. Solos were atypically transferred to another musician. When Ellington composed pieces, he only had his own band in mind. This is why his orchestras sound cannot be imitated without sounding watered down.The uniqu e style and smelling qualities of the individuals made the orchestra nearly impossible to replicate. One thing that was often construe active Ellingtons career was that he had two of them bandleader and composer. He was renowned for get downing his own compositions as well as endorsements. He often composed music all by dint of the night, and it has been said that he neer went a day without composing something, whether it be a couple lines of a song or an entire piece. He would write music whenever and wheresoever he had the time to do it.Once, he even had to write a piece by the light of his band manager consecutively luminance matches. Ellington believed that music allowed him to express himself without reservation. Music, unlike words, provided Ellington with a way to express himself in a less controversial manner. It was a non-confrontational approach to expressing his beliefs to the world. In his compositions, he rarely wrote articulations, dynamics, or tempos. He expec ted the section leaders to decide the style indications. It is commonly know that Duke had finesse for placing an emphasis on color in his compositions.The colors he used in the denominations of his pieces often playd racial issues. He did a lot of experimenting with tone of voice and color. Most of his music was implemental and few incorporated lyrics. Some say his music is reminiscent of Bach. He mostly wrote short compositions with improvised solos, but when he did compose bigger arrangements, they were often criticized for having a lack of inner coherence. He used the factor of surprise instead of chorus succession to unify the arrangements. Ellington relied on sharp contrasts in theme, tempo, and key. He would also interchange swinging and non-swinging melodies.Some critics argued that his music should be danceable all of the time. Ellington clearly disagreed. Ellingtons compositions differed from other artists of his time because he employed a variety of instruments. No t only did he integrate a reed section, brass section, and rhythm section he featured a valve trombone, a saxophone trio, and a baritone saxist who unusually played high notes. The reed section often provided the melody rather than the typical brass section. Ellington would apply asymmetrical themes such as parallel saxophone parts and improvised piano parts.He eventually stopped referring to his music as jazz. He called it freedom of expression. Ellington treasured to express the struggle of the Negro in his music, We put the Negro expression and spirit in our music. Although his capacity was very serious, his music generally excite and entertained audiences around the world. When Ellington wrote compositions, he allocated certain measures for improvised solos. While it may seem that all of the solos in Ellingtons pieces are improvised, he actually composed the solos to seem as if they were improvised. This became known as preconceived extemporization.Only minor improvisati ons were allowed during the solos. In 1940, Ellington reached the peak of his compositional career. African American media deemed Duke Ellington the race man because he changed the image of African Americans in view media. He was the first African American artist taken bad without stereotypes. His music described the life of black Americans. He exuded his love of Harlem through and through is compositions. He used color in his music to radiate his delay and clearing of African Americans. His early arrangements represented the struggle of blacks during the Great Depression.Ellington was a strong believer that music could undermine the labels associated with how African Americans dressed and acted. His rival with blacks being portrayed as primitive encouraged him to strive to create a new identity for blacks in America through music. Ellington learned at a young age that a positive behavior was crucial in order to earn respect. Since he was taught this so early, he always tried to be professional and as efficient as possible. He spoke of the significance of having a dignified stature and take aim of sophistication.Through radio, sound recordings, sheet music, advertising, and stagecraft Ellington changed messs conceptions of race and culture. In his advertising techniques, he focused on creating an image of desegregation. Black and white entertainers began to share advertising space, which was one step toward African American equality. His overall purpose was to conquer racial and cultural stereotypes in and out of the media. He was forced to break through the barriers of the Eurocentric idea that African American music was not a form of art. He stopped employ minstrel stereotypes that he had previously used at the Cotton Club.By the 1930s, he had differentiated many stereotypes from reality. It was important to Ellington that his tradeing approach attracted all races and classes. He eliminated some prejudice by proving that music has no race. He alw ays made sure to articulate the achievements, history, and value or African American culture. He trusted that the most efficient manner to plain was to live and create in a way that undermined racial barriers and stereotypes. Ellington, distinguish from many other African American artists, succeeded without using the white-dominated recording style.He was actually playing African American music and his pieces were on the record charts. Normally African American traveling performers struggled while on the road. Hotels and restaurants would not allow them. They would be physically and verbally attacked which often led to alcoholism. When Duke traveled in the South, he also brought two Pullman cars, a baggage car, brightness level equipment, a stage, and an electrician. These assets made for a more secure trip. Ellington received the high honor of the Spingarn Medal which was the highest achievement for the American Negro.During his acceptance speech, he stated that he makes music for freedom. He later joined the Emergency delegation of the Entertainment Industry. This committee was opposed to race riots and poor treatment of minorities. This sort advertised on stage, screen, and radio. In 1929, he played at a benefit performance. The proceeds when to the memorial fund for Home for Negro Performers. another(prenominal) political act he did was assisting Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. by do during the Montgomery Bus Boycott to raise funds for the Montgomery profit Association.Duke was described as a symbol of power of multiracial appeal, the artistry and respect that African Americans could achieve, the money that could be made from the neglected African American market, and the possibility of a comfortable and mutually profitable clashing point for African Americans and whites. This quote explains how the integration of blacks and whites could be beneficial to caller as a whole. When Ellington traveled internationally, he came to realize that jazz music was more popular outside of the United States of America than inside.His overall goal of disproving African American stereotypes was a world project, not just a national project. He and his orchestra became the first jazz band to perform at Carnegie mansion house when they premiered Black, chocolate-brown, and Beige. Ellingtons success created a new market for African American musicians. One of the first mixed race performances was Cotton Club Medley by Ellington. At this point in time, African American music had become a popular music genre. racial lines were crossed within music advertising. White and black performers were featured on entertainment ads.Not only had Ellington become the most written about celebrity in this phase of time, his earnings were in the five figures. At the age of sixty, Ellington composed and recorded a song with John Coltrane and Charles Mingus for a motion picture. In the 1960s, he was considered the best known musician and composer in the world. In 1964 , he composed a piece to defend the expiration of segregation and discrimination entitled Non-violent Integration. Listening to the music of Duke Ellington began to symbolize looking at African Americans in a new light. Ellingtons utmost works submitted his vision of music, peace, brotherhood, and love.Ellington said, The Negro is not merely a singing and dancing wizard but a loyal American in spite of his social position. I want to tell America how the Negro feels about it. When he stated this, he denoted that black people were more than just a device for entertainment purposes they were American citizens. One of Duke Ellingtons longest and influential pieces was Black, Brown and Beige, which was composed and performed in 1943. Ellington described this work as a tone parallel to the history of the American Negro. This composition was established to portray the history of the Negro from Africa to the present.The title Black, Brown and Beige symbolized the different skin tones of African Americans. Each color in the title also represented a different parkway of the composition. When composing this work, Ellington incorporated music from the opera Boola and transformed it into a tone poem. He did not finish editing the arrangement until the day of his Carnegie Hall performance. This explains that Duke believed a piece could be altered numerous times in order to create a great product. Ellington and his orchestra premiered the full symphony, Black, Brown and Beige at Carnegie Hall in 1943.Five days later, they performed once again, only this time at Bostons Symphony Hall. These two performances became the only full performances of Black, Brown and Beige for many years to come. Duke decided to only play excerpts from the piece in the future. The six most popular excerpts were act upon Song, Come Sunday, The Blues, West Indian dance, Emancipation Celebration, and Sugar Hill Penthouse. The premiere of the piece was deemed mistake and disappointing by critics . People who were not accustomed to Ellingtons musical style were also perplexed by Black, Brown and Beige.Ellington and his band began performing sections of Black and Brown, but rarely performed sections of Beige until 1965. He refused to play Brown in its entirety because he claimed that people did not understand the important story behind it. Ellington often spoke of his message prior to performing a piece, also called programming. His first biographer, Ulanov, said that Black, Brown and Beige was more successful without programming. Ulanov also stated that people didnt need to know about the American Negro to understand the music. The first movement of Black, Brown and Beige, Black was worked at the most thoroughly of the movements. The first movement interpreted the sorrows and joys of the Negro when brought to America from Africa through work songs and spirituals. According the Ellington, the second movement, Brown, represented the recurring hopes and disappointments of black s in America. It also symbolized the pain suffered through whippings, the bravery of the African Americans who attempted and/or succeeded at escaping, and the triumph of their emancipation. The last movement, Beige, was said to be a vague and unfinished working of ideas.Originally, the finale of Black, Brown and Beige consisted of the lyrics, Were Black, Brown, and Beige, but were red, white, and blue. Although Ellington was advised to remove the line from the performance completely, he simply omitted it from the finale and instead, announced it in his programming prior to the final movement. This line was evidently very significant to Duke Ellington. It represented the point that although African Americans were different shades than white people, they were still Americans and deserved equal rights. Black, Brown and Beige was performed in segments for a few decades.The version recorded in 1958 was criticized because it was believed to have expanded the flaws of the original premier e at Carnegie Hall. During the 1958 recording, there were only four other musicians, excluding Ellington, remaining from the original orchestra that performed in 1943. These musicians were Ray Nance, Lawrence Brown, Johnny Hodges, and Harry Carney. Ellington took another large step toward presenting the African American struggle when he and his orchestra performed Black at the Festival of the American Arts in 1965. The audience included approximately four hundred members including President Lyndon B. Johnson.

House on Mango

Have you ever been frustrated by eminent expectations? Although fulfilling said expectations might non be possible at the time, it is non reason to forfeit or throw in the towel rather with enough effort these goals may be realized. The expectations set by Esperanza in Sandra Cisneross The House on Mango Street inevitably threesomes to discomposure however fulfilling these hallucinations is still a possibility patronage of its non-actuality. Esperanza lives out unfulfilling vivification disappointed by the uninspiring shack she lives in, a worthless medicinal drug recess, and the dream of killing in the canteen.Esperanza had hoped for more, even believed in more than what she certain a shabby, broken-down offer on Mango Street. The description of the house Esperanzas parents provide does not go with the reality of the view tip Esperanza to hope for something that cannot be. Esperanza is disappointed by the lack of stairs, the absence of a yard, the actuality that the house is not the picture perfect house as seen on TV. Although Esperanza is not happy with the house she lives in, she still hopes for a better future despite knowing that her goals will not be met for a very wide period of time.Esperanza faces these unsatisfied dreams with hope still in her heart exploitation the old decrepit house as inspiration to better her future. Additionally, Esperanza faces push disappointment when she visits the junk store and finds something of interest to her. Nenny, Esperanzas little sister, floating policy a learn player but is unaware of its nature. She discovers that it is a medicament box and Esperanzas hopes immediately soar she longs for a pretty box with flowers painted on the exterior, and a ballerina inside.This beautiful thought fades remote as she discovers that the box is instead just a dusty record player with a brass record that has holes in it, which when played, sounds like a cacophony of moths. The hope she had been given was cru shed. The canteen is her dream of eating eat is not fulfilled, so once again her heart is overwhelmed by disappointment. Esperanza believes the kids who eat there are special and important. Esperanza expended much effort to convincing her bewilder to grant her permission to eat at the canteen fully accept the experience would be every bit as extravagant as she imagined.These beliefs are completely dismantled by the harassment Esperanza receives from a conical buoy Esperanza ends up eating her then cold food in solitude. Her dream of eating in the canteen portrays yet another instance in which Esperanza is brought down due to the predispositions she has no control over these wretched experiences do not ultimately limit Esperanzas ability to succeed in the future. The addition of this photo is crucial to displaying how disappointment is an unavoidable reckon of life.In exhibit the above image, an image irrelevant to the subject, one who acquires this paper, may be disappointed ho wever this disappointment does not limit the capacity of the reader to read the following text. Failure to have the specific criteria that one longs for may be uncontrollable much like an alien invasion in the Jurassic period, and such is life the key is to victuals moving forward and keep fighting on even in the face of Armageddon. The scientist running experiments in a lab often comes upon errors in procedure, wrong answers to questions asked. A bagger throws many, many blows at his opponent, and the boxer misses most of those blows.Esperanza longs so much for a life she cannot lead because of her upbringing, but this does not stop her from hoping. These trails all lead to disappointment and failure. Esperanza doddles on the harsh realities of her life at the time, disappointed with the situation presented to her although the disappointment she holds for her life is based on factors she has no control of it forms no real barrier in terms of what is possible. Disappointment is an inevitable factor of living and it must therefore be felt but neer looked on as being told what can and cannot be done.

Nurse-patient ratio

Nurse- enduring symmetry laws be state mandates requiring infirmarys to keep to a maximum sealing limit of the ratio of nurses to patients. At the moment, states that have yet to apply any nurse-patient ratio limits typically charge each of their nurses the care of at least 6 nurses and flat as high as 8 to 10 (Churchouse, 2002). Barnes-Jewish hospital for exemplar has a ratio of 1 nurse to 10 patients (St. Louis, 2004). Californias Assembly peak 394 is unmatchable of the forerunning legislations that mandated the regulation of nurse-patient ratios across hospitals.This bill had been largely contested by hospital lobbyists who are now bartering with state officials on the most ductile regulations that could be imposed. While nurse associations and nursing attention unions all everywhere the country are proposing the ideal 12 ratio, hospital counseling firmly claim this to be impossible. In some other states such(prenominal) as Illinois, staging progression procedures hav e been introduced as a possible means to improve nurse-patient ratios over a period of 5-10 years (Bartolomeo, 2001).Since later on the Second World War, the problem of increasing nurse-patient ratios have begun to accrue. By the mid-80s the pressure level need for more than nurses became even more drastic when the academe saying a decline in the local pauperization for the profession. This eventually lead hospitals to searching for nurses abroad which continued to persist to the present day.However, outsourcing the nurse bestow was also coupled by hospital management cutbacks on runging which hushed resulted to poor nurse-patient ratios. Hospitals also allegedly imposeed management regulations preventing nursing staff from discussing and objecting to nurse-patient hospital policies. However by the late 90s, nursing unions have begun to seek help from media institutions, local communities, and contract negotiators to help them bargain less back up working conditions wit h hospital management. This led the nursing unions to asking help from their esteemive(prenominal) state governments.Finally in January of 2002, Californias AB 394 mandated the put out of staffing ratios in hospitals throughout the state, but this victory of the nursing unions was short-lived as hospital management immediately bargained with legislators for staffing ratios that were most advantageous for them. While nursing organizations persisted with a 12 to a 14 ratio, hospital lobbyists led by the California Healthcare Association, a consortium of euchre hospitals insisted that the acceptable nurse-patient ratio could be no less than 16. Currently, one of the countrys largest Health Management Organizations, Kaiser Permanente broke away from the plenty of institutions opposed to lower nurse-patient ratios and advocated a 14 ratio that it shortly implements in its facilities.Kaiser discussed further ways of lowering the ratio with nursing unions and concur to have the approv ed recommendations of such discussions implemented on all Kaiser possess establishments (Bartolomeo, 2001). Current working conditions lead nurses into compromising situations wherein their work suffers because of the immense numeral of tasks that they have to do all at once.While some hospitals implement fair policies that allow nurses enough room to breathe in their work, a lot more hospitals and wellness care organizations are run by profit oriented groups whose main concern includes minimizing costs. Whats worse is that since health care in various parts of the country has been transformed into a corporate affair amid gigantic businesses who buy health care plans from HMOs who sell them, disceptation has become a matter of who can fork over the go bad corporate deal over who can provide better hospital service.Since the patients dont have much choice with respect to which health care deals their employer will take, this rules out quality by competition from ushering hospi tals to make nurse-patient ratio improvements on their own. Thus, a state mandated regulation is the however way to force these hospitals to provide an appropriate working environment for their nurses.thither are several controversial aspects to the legislation of nurse-patient ratio regulation. One touristy controversy is the actual capability of todays supply of nurses to charter in the vacancies that would be created by such legislation. The Illinois Hospital Association contends that catamenia nursing programs of the state are not viable to handle the demand for the number of nurses required to maintain the ratios mandated by laws like Californias AB394. Another criticism is insensitivity of a rigid nurse-patient ratio to patients individual medical differences.Critics also point out differences between hospitals, resources and even nursing units which could be blurred out in the effectuation of a state mandate indiscriminately throughout all hospitals. I believe that hospi tal policies at the moment are more profit-oriented than health oriented. It is this slippery slope that leads to understaffing and overly high nurse-patient ratios. However, I also study that an inflexible legislation on nurse-patient ratios would do little to solve the problem. Nurses from divers(prenominal) units are very different and there needs to be more extensive needs analysis studies conducted before a proper legislative action could be taken.Therefore while I am in favor of state legislation in order to curb inbred profit-oriented biases of hospital management, I am not in favor of willy-nilly implementing one at the moment without considering factors forwarded by institutions like the Illinois Hospital Association. resembling I said, I believe that while the California legislation is a victory for the labor rights of nurses in the state, it does not ensure an increase in nursing quality. I would consider the act positive with respect to labor rights but neutral with respect to patient care. Extensive scrutiny should be placed on the issues that arose after the legislation such as the differences among hospitals, resources, and nursing units. ReferencesChurchouse, C. (2002). Senate Community Affairs References Committee Inquiry Into Nursing. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from http//72.14.235.104/search?q=cacheuQtMh4POYlUJwww.aph.gov.au/senate/ charge/clac_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/nursing/submissions/sub04.doc+current+nurse-patient+ratiohl=tlct=clnkcd=3gl=phBartolomeo, C. (2001). Mandated staffing ratios Health care professionals see the benefits and pitfalls. ledger of the American Federation of Teachers. Vol. 30 Issue 2. P.114-118.Barnes-Jewish Hospital seeks to lower nurse-patient ratio. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from St. Louis Business Journal Website http//www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2004/11/29/daily50.html

A Comparison of “Everyman” and Christopher Marlowe’s “Doctor Faustus”

A Comparison of Everyman and Christopher Marlowes bushel Faustus Everyman and load Faustus are both(prenominal) Morality Plays, these are specifically plays that existed within the Medieval stop. They were popular during this expiration as they were intended to instruct the earshot in the Christian port and attitudes to life. The morality play is essentially an allegory written in outstanding form. In the fourteenth Century, morality plays were mainly based on the sevensome deadly sins as in everyman with each graphic symbol representing each sin. Everyman centers nearly allegory.It focuses on the allegorical representations of moral issues with the inclusion body of figures that represent abstractions of the issues that are confronted. reconstruct Faustus follows the general five-act structure of an Elizabethan Romantic Tragedy. However Christopher Marlowe used the structure of an older Medieval form of English Drama, the morality play as a model. Morality plays tended to show the moral struggle of mans soul and the skirmish of good and evil. This is evident in the play of Doctor Faustus who is embroiled in a battle between the temptation of the devil and God.You could argue that Doctor Faustus is not classed as a morality play. Because in the tradition of a morality play God and the devil are external forces that collide with the individual. However, in Doctor Faustus it is far more of an internal drama inner(a) Faustus? own mind. twain are entirely didactic in nature, they were do with the intent to educate their audience in one respect or another. There was a moral to each that conveyed similar messages. wherefore the term ? morality play? correctly defines each one.The medieval time compass point in which Everyman was written contained a golf club that revolved around piety (Ecclesiasticism) The fact that Everyman prat get nowhere without turning to religion this instant reflects on the attitudes of the middle ages. There is consta nt references to the beliefs and ideas of the Catholic Church such as confession, penitence and the Virgin Mary this suggests the catholic centered society in which the play existed. It concentrates on the qualities of the catholic religion that are substantial in the journey to heaven. Everyman is a symbol of the human condition and how t is understood by medieval Catholicism. Whereas in the sixteenth century in which Doctor Faustus was written, saw a shift of Christian ideals. No interminable was on that point only the strict belief in God unless in any case the equal belief in the existence of the devil and the ? performance of the devil.? The medieval world placed God at the centre of existence, divergence the individual and the natural world in second place. The emergence of the rebirth is evident in Doctor Faustus by the clash between the church building and the introduction of knowledge through science.The Reformation caused a dramatic qualifying at that particular time, England had converted from predominantly catholic to a Protestant country. This shift becomes apparent in Doctor Faustus in the scenes with the pope. The Renaissance was also a time when the bubonic fire was at its peak of destruction. As a result the plague was a great concern of the theatre, audiences and writers. The plague was a large part of Marlowe? s life and work. Marlowe refers to the plague regularly in Doctor Faustus with examples such as ? A Plague on her.?Here Marlowe is victimisation specific linguistic process to reflect certain diorama of the precise period, being Reformation. When considering the audience of each play, this can again hold disagreement concerning the meaning of the term ? morality play.? Morality plays, as I have mentioned like Everyman, primarily express aspects of moral doctrine to the audience. In the Play Everyman, the anonymous author may have been a priest or teacher who was explaining the Christian values to an uneducated society. It is written by and for people of catholic religion. This would fit accurately into the description as a ? orality play.? However, some may argue that Doctor Faustus is more crotchetyly delivered as opposed to morally. Elizabethan audiences often viewed great tragedies such as this in a slightly humorous manner. Scenes such as the one with the Pope? s food and drink being stolen highlights this point. Also Marlowe includes numerous comical characters such as Wagner and Faustus? servant. Therefore can we still group this unitedly with the other morality plays such as Doctor Faustus? Contrary to this, it is polish off that the audience of the play Doctor Faustus are not simply an audience of ?Commoners or clowns,? they have to employ a certain level of intelligence agency and education to understand the symbolism and allegory present in the play. We can acknowledge the play of Doctor Faustus as one from the Elizabethan period as its verbs differ from modern day usage, with phras es such as ? What gather in you and ? You look not well.? Also Elizabethan playwrights wrote in blank euphony or iambic pentameter, as its evident here. Marlowe uses various Christian phrases to abduce the devil, who is providing the mightiness. The most obvious reference to Christian lecture is shown through Faustus?Latin Chant which is used to raise the devil. Marlowe? s technique of hyperbole is present by his regular usage of blasphemy in the play. By using exaggeration like this, Marlowe is affecting the audience? s perception of the character of Faustus. The language used gives the character heroic stature. Contrast to Doctor Faustus, The language in Everyman is solely based on religion. There is reference to the buffer sinner Adam and the seven deadly sins, this mainly focuses on the notions of Christianity. The language used in both Everyman and Doctor Faustus represents the conflict between power and Christianity.In conclusion, Marlowe borrows many of the conventions of a morality play especially with the inclusion of the good and bad angels. This symbolizes his divided will. This is mirrored in the play Everyman where there is an obvious spiritual crisis of an individual who must chose between good and evil. Both Everyman and Doctor Faustus effectively reflect the periods in which they were written. Faustus is the product of an era that was deep torn, it stands in the threshold between two periods-The Renaissance and the Middle Ages.It includes the notions of tidy and evil, sin and salvation, as did religious dramas of the medieval period such as Everyman. Although some may see this comparison as the rejection of the medieval imputable to further emphasis on the individual rather than God. After all, the spread scene of Doctor Faustus was praising science and magic in opt of God. So where do we draw the line? Everyman statically reflects the period of medieval whereas Doctor Faustus focuses on the actual change in that particular period of the Reformation. Therefore it is possible to see the alteration from one period to another.

Case: Maple Leaf Shoes Ltd., Legal Challenges Essay

The Ontario Human Rights Code states that versed worrying occurs in situations when cardinal individual is bothering the other by claiming or doing unwanted or unwelcome things of a knowledgeable or gender-related nature. This could be characterize in terms of in separate touching, offensive remarks intimately individual, sexual suggestions, unsuitable comments about body parts, exposure to sexually offensive pictures, verbal abuse callable to the gender, etc. It is also considered to be a form of il heavy disparity and is a form of sexual and psychological abuse.In terms of the case, this is a clear case of sexual worrying because Rosetta is one of the two women in the part that all morning got called by her male co-workers as risotto, signifi squirtce Italian rice with gravy, and teased with Italian greetings. In addition, occasionally they asked her what she was doing with her Italian boyfriend and whether she had a good clock with him the night before. Moreover, one of the co-workers asked her whether she elect Italian over Canadian men and occasionally they loudly bragged to each other about their experience with their girlfriends so that Rosetta can hear it, in force(p) to embarrass her. Further more(prenominal), her male co-workers told a dirty jock and asked Rosetta if she unders overlyd or if she could tell one as well.Usually, sexual harassment is a exercise of demeanour that happens frequently over a period of time. In this case, at that place is a pattern of different incidents that occurred over the period of Rosettas employment, which forced a poisoned effect on the places where she worked. This type of sexual comments made her feel uncomfortable, in some situations even cry, which indicated that the work environment is poisoned.Although, Rosetta tried to make the harassment bank check, it is non her right alone, Al also has to make sure that sexual harassment does not occur in his piece of works because sexualized environmen t can require atmospheres that encourage more serious and direct sexual harassment, such as sexual joking n this case.If in the future more women would stick out positions in this department, this can create decrease in productivity, increase in team conflict and furthermore, lead to decrease in success at meeting financial goals because of team conflict. Moreover, it can create job dissatisfaction, passing play of employees from resignations, and increase absenteeism by employees. In addition, the knowledge that harassment is permitted can cost ethical standards and discipline in the cheek in general. Overtime, employees provide withdraw respect and trust in their supervisors who encourage and/or ignored the business, which can lead to a negative image of the company and create legal actions against the organization. The ignorance of the problem can create large costs to organization through damaged morale, lawsuits and absenteeism.People who harass will have no reasons to stop unless they ar challenged. Therefore, it is necessary to livelihood and encourage Rosetta to come forward. Eva can project suggestions how to solve the problem but only Rosetta must choose what will be the best choice for her. Moreover, Eva can encourage Rosetta to seek garter from a counsellor and provide her with helpful telephone numbers however, its up to Rosetta to make her own decisions. In terms of their conversations, Eva should know that conversations that were surrounded by Eva and Rosetta are confidential and Eva cannot just go and tell it to somebody. The only time Eva whitethorn have to tell someone about Rosettas problem without her permission is if Rosetta is in immediate physical danger, which is not the case in this situation. Yet, ignoring or minimizing the problem will not make it go away.To conclude, its up to Rosetta to make complains to appropriate authority or to pursue a legal actions against the company in this matter. Eva can only morally support and advise Rosetta but cannot do any legal actions for her. The only weigh that Eva can try to do is to inform a human resources department in the organization about the situation and ask for the proper investigation about it. The other option that Eva can consider is to have a consultation with the lawyer about this whole situation however, she should not say any names. All of these options have a good chance for success, as long as all of them conducted in accordance of law.Als first responsibility in this case is to properly deal with employment sexual harassment issues involve the appropriate distribution of the organizations policy on sexual harassment in the workplace. However, he did not take it serious when Rosetta complained to him, thus she was forced to terminate her employment.The other responsibility that Al should have carried is to show Rosetta that he, as a supervisor of the organization have responded to complain with the process of preventing sexual harassment i n the workplace and are dealing with it in a timely and effective behavior when it does occur. Al also felled to carry it appropriately, moreover, he blamed Rosetta to be too sensitive and that she takes herself too seriously. And based on his philosophy, such as to be able to laugh at ourselves now and the, it shows that he encourages this type of behaviour in the work place.Furthermore, Al has to take approach to sexual harassment where it involves the development of an internal system for the fair and balanced investigation of every complaint of this nature. Every complaint should be taken seriously. Employees must be aware that they are free to put forward complaints about sexual harassment in their workplace and that they will be free from vengeance and intimidation as a result. They should be encouraged to use and depone upon the companys internal complaint mechanism and resolution system.In this step, Al also felled to follow the appropriate road. His behaviour with employ ees encourages them to joke around, which may discourage other employees to complain due to fear of retaliation and intimidation, if Al tells employees about complain.It is absolutely critical that employer who has not yet adopted appropriate policies and attitudes towards sexual harassment in the workplace join the movement towards zip tolerance for these workplace problems.It is critical for the employer not only live up to their legalresponsibility when dealing with issues of sexual harassment, but perhaps more importantly is to show that they have done something. Accordingly, proactive steps are to create sexual harassment policies and well publicized complaint procedures set, which would create the correct tone for the elimination of sexual harassment in the workplace. As a bi-product, the same visible procedures will also help to burn the employers potential exposure to vicarious liability for the acts of employees.ReferenceOntario Womens Justice Network. 6 Jan. 2002. Metrop olitan Action Committee on fierceness Against Women and Children. 10 Feb. 2006The Ontario Human Rights Commission. 11 Feb. 2007. The Ontario Human Rights Commission. 11 Feb. 2007Ontario Womens Directorate. 1 May 2003. organisation of Ontario. 9 Feb. 2006The Canadian Human Rights Commission. 9 July 2004. Government of Canada. 9 Feb. 2006.

DataDot Case Study on HRM

In Practice Introduction A recent high-tech familiarity, tattoo, has grown rapidly during the last few years and it is in truth clear that the CEO, capital of Minnesota, has kept the entrepreneurial spirit of the company. Due to the rapid growth, at that place has been a restructure of the company with now 3 fightrs in three occupation social units although, the managers be in charge of applications, communications and Internet solutions, capital of Minnesota is still the single point of contact for only staff and has the last(a) say in most decision, making it in truth difficult for the managers to do their job.In the recent months, Paul has recognize that the employees be not motivated and are loosing the passion and enthusiasm they had shown for the firm in the past, furthermore, a few concourse render left the company already. In a recent case, angiotensin converting enzyme of the Java developers had expressed dissatisfaction with his salary and although Paul Incre ased his salary, the employee decided to discontinue anyway. An action Is needed and drastic changes have to be made on Human Resource (HRS).Marcs Case Apparently, there must have been something reproach which led to a result where Marc decided to resign anyway although Paul had offered him a raise in salary for 15%. One of the practic fit reasons would be because Marc felt that Paul did not pay enough precaution to his case. Paul did not handle Marcs trouble promptly and held it for few days. Marc might have felt that he was again being neglected and had confounded his trust for Paul.The second reason is that Marcs manager, Lisa, did not pay attention on the condition of her subordinates wellbeing, which might have caused by Palls decision to take all the human alternative Issues directly into his own hands. Lisa did not even notice Marcs intention to leave the company and in same manner has not had a anger-subordinate converse with Marc for a long time since she has be en busy focusing on business development work. There Is no a proper human resource management and salary frame in the company so that employees slaying could easily be overlooked or unnoticeable.However, Paul should prevent of losing Marc because the situation states that it is very hard to find an experienced Java- developer in the market. He could number one by having a sincere talk with Marc, in person, and try to material body out the real reason behind Marcs resignation, whether it was only because of unsatisfying wage. Was this a sole case or general issue? Paul could alike try to find some feedback from Marc near the him/company/the managers. They could figure what to do next by firstly clarifying the above Issue.Next, Paul should impute the departments people issue to Its manager. Lisa should be able to focus her work not only on the tasks but also on her teams people Issue. let out Employee Morale As described previously with Marcs case, It Is obvious that the comp anys reporting lines are not formalized, this creates a little friction between Paul and the unit need the approval of Paul. Those managers might notion that they do not have enough impact on the institutions deed due to the over-controlling nature of the CEO.As companies grow, it is very important to set in place a plan where the freshly developed business units have managers that are autonomous and able to manage projects, personnel and budgets, but not without a proper guidance and performance evaluations. Since there is no clear role for RE in the company, it is very difficult to identify the changes of personnel internally and externally. For example, it is known that there has been sadness and denomination among employees, but body does a real enquiry around what is really happening.On one hand, there are some internal issues like the interactions of Paul with the staff and how the staff is feeling less in touch with management on the other hand, a few employees have com plained nigh their remuneration, but no one has done a research almost the changes of the local IT Job market and make an adequate adjustment. As employees feel that they are not being recognized by their work, not provided monetarily, but when they feel neglected and unappreciated, they will show denomination, a privation of their ensue of belonging and loss commitment for their company.A Mid-Term Plan We are contend a role as a consultant in this case. We would raise and help TATTOO or Paul to improve his company system, which would do in effect(p) himself and the whole company, using Engagement Principles 1 . Introduce and socialist the companys vision, mission, and aspiration to the employees as often as necessary to create an understanding for the employees about their employer and company. Let the employees embrace the broad picture of the company and help bring a sense of belonging towards the company. What is Tattoo meaning? 2.Create a system where the company and employees would be able to keep track on employees performances. The company should be able to know how capable and competence their employees really are, also to give proper support to the employees skill improvement, if necessary. The employees need to be able to feel that they gain adding value by working in Tattoo. snip up an effective performance evaluation system for employees. E. G, Marc and other employees should be able to know and feel that their works are appreciated and rewarded. 3. work through a feedback chemTattoo will benefit a lot from get the employees feedback. Tattoo needs to encourage and motivate the employees to give feedback or ghost about their company, could be by giving incentives for the special effort. E. G, Todays employees would feel their articulatio are heard by the feedback scheme. Tattoo would get some good insights, which could help improve the company. 4. Set up a clear organization structure and Job description. Once Tattoo came up with a refer organization structure and Job description, they must be consistent and perpetrate to it.It involves a total Job delegation will stimulate enterprisingness taking within clear boundaries. It will create sense of develop amongst the workers and also enable people to make an informed choice. E. G, Lisa and other managers should be able to handle their team issues and tasks without Palls full interference. The above are the plaza ingredients to create and manage engaged employees. Engaged employees will lead to a better and healthier working environment. It would also help to improve the Tattoo company system by having an HRS person or, better yet, better organized.

America Foreign Policy

The portion out censor laid by the United resigns on Cuba involves financial, sparing and commercial hindrances that were front placed on Fidel Castros administration in 1962. It was as a leave of the disposal activity expropriation of assets and properties of US nationals and corporations. The deal out embargo was first suggested and implemented by president Kennedys judicature on the ill that at that place was lack of democracy in Cuba non solo in respect to the Cuban nationals save to a fault to separate nationals.In essence, the embargo confine legitimate economic and financial transactions between the nationals of the both countries whether direct or in at one time in fancy to the use of a ternion country or national of such a country. The embargo started with the knowledge up to(p)ness of an business quota on dulcify signifi quarterceed from Cuba by several millions. This was met by an agreement by the Soviet core to by the rest of the sugar fr om Cuba. Still, the Cuban brass under the leadership of Fidel Castro continued to take only actions on businesses owned by American national, confiscating most of it.The US disposal strike backd by expanding the calling secureions even further especially because of the alignment of Cuba with the Soviet Union in the cold war which caused the Cuban missile crisis. Later, the US organisation imposed travel restrictions to its nationals restricting them from traveling to Cuba. Further drink down the line, the US government charged the Cuban government of hosting Soviet Union nuclear weapons and since the union was an enemy in the cold war, regulations were put in place to freeze whatsoever Cuban assets in the states and to further unify the restrictions put on the country.Various restrictions has since been put in place which include restriction on the touchstone of money spent by a US national on the Cuban island, restrictions on the forms and amount of gifts that a US nat ional can give to a relative in Cuba or a Cuban national among former(a)s. Furthermore, the US government restricted all company that is involved in trade activities in Cuba from entering the US scrimping on the argument that such a company would be trafficking assets from US to Cuba. To date, most of the trade restrictions placed on Cuba and expenditure restrictions placed on US nationals and corporations still stand.Despite efforts by many of the activists and United Nations has been get together a dead end with previous and current presidents of the US suspending bills and efforts aimed at raiseing the embargo. Despite the fact that around valid reasons were used in basing the embargo and the fact that the US government and its nationals are non bear on such(prenominal) by the Embargo, the effects of it are non unless bear on the inadvertent still also touch on the US providence in shipway which were unintended. Efforts by activists and the UN are still unsucces sful despite the dire consequences that the embargo has had.In essence, trance today the embargo is much founded on democracy issues in Cuba, it goes a step further to restrain the achievement of democracy in the country, punishing Cuban citizens as opposed to the Administration. The purpose of the paper is to refine on the benefits that can be achieved by lifting the embargo not only to Cuba but also to the US and its citizens in general. Why the Embargo should be lifted As observed earlier, various efforts to lift the restrictions on Cuba and American travelers project always been rejected both by the President and the congress.On the contrary, the US government has eased a little following pressure from some of the activists. For exemplification, agribusiness organizations and American farmers put the government under pressure to lift some of the restrictions which saw the allowance of sale of care for and agricultural goods only for humanitarian reasons. Still, many of the restrictions still are in place and there exist no evidence that these restrictions give be lifted any time soon. In go down with the embargo, Cubans and scholars pitch argued that the embargo has and still is affecting negatively the resources of the Cuban nationals as opposed to those of the government.This raises many humanitarian issues in regard to the US government especially considering that the embargo was as a result of democracy issues in Cuba. It has been argued and it is true to a greater effect that the economic damage that arises as a result of the embargo is to some extent responsible for the conundrums associated with deificationation and food shortage in Cuba. As argued by some governments and activist, the embargo has had dire effects on medicine supplies, food and some other economic needs of Cubans.This by extension has resulted in vulnerability in infectious diseases and epidemics including malnutrition. The restrictions also have negatively change the flow of medical examination learning in the country thus resulting to diseases that would other be easily dealt with. The rationing system that results as a result of food shortage have greatly affected men and the hoary since designed to give preference to women and children. On another view, the embargo has greatly influenced the capacity of US investors in Cuba but more so have affected non American investors in Cuba.In this context, investors who have interests in the US economy have been reluctant or have been restricted by the law of record from investing in Cuba. As such, the embargo is not only affecting the Cuban and the American nationals but also the nationals of other countries as well. Moreover, it has continuously threatened diplomatic family of US and other countries in regard to the dealings and transactions of these countries and Cuba. In any case, while the embargo gives the Cuban government a scapegoat for problems not directly associated with the embargo, it gives a psyche start for non US businesses in Cuba should it be lifted.In this regard, these businesses have already realised firm foundations to be shaken by the competition that would arise from the lifting of the trade embargo. In general, while the embargo is aimed at improve the democracy and the respectfulness with human rights, it has continuously affected these rights negatively making it non humanitarian itself. It is charge noting that it an inadequate reason for the US government to argue that it is involved in liberality work aimed at giving medical and food supplies to Cubans.On the other hand, the bureaucracy involved in this charity work has greatly affected its effectiveness in Cuba. Charity organizations and other non governmental organizations have set about delays as a result of the licensing process involved and transportation problems. It also represent a violation of international law as provided for by the United Nations Charter. In this context, the fact that the embargo directly condemns the sale of certain food products and medical products abuses the human right of accessing life saving medical supplies.Further Arguments As it stands out, the trade embargo imposed by US government hinders free trade between the deuce countries. While the US government is highschoolly dependent on home labor, it does not mean that it has a comparative advantage on all it consumables thus it is forced to import some of it consumables from other countries. This implies that there is an existence of free trade between US and these other countries. One of the major advantages of free trade is that it promotes liberalisation of the economies involved.As such, by maintaining the trade embargo on Cuba, the US is denying the Cuban economy better grounds for slackening. In essence, the Cuban economy can not be open to American investors nor is it open to non US investors who have interests in both countries. In this context, the US economy is and continues to lose the advantages that are associated with the liberalization of the Cuban economy just like any other economy. In fact, it would be irrational to argue that the economy of Cuba has little to offer to that of US.On the other hand, Cuba has been famous of having a comparative advantage on sugar production. It is adjuratory that the US economy can obtain such goods from other economies but the question remain, how cheap would it attain them from the Cuban economy. A good example is the tourist potential of Cuba. Travel restrictions have greatly affected the realisation of benefits in Cuban tourist industry as the US government restricts its nationals in visiting the island and in the maximum amount of dollars that can be spent on the island on any given day.Moreover, free trade allows the manifestation and improvement of diplomatic affinity between the countries involved. While the problem in Cuba is a governmental one, trade embargo does not second in solving othe r problems in the country especially social and humanitarians one. It has over and over been argued that as opposed to a trade embargo, the problems in Cuba can only be solved by changing the communist semipolitical organization in the country. In light with these, the US government should first lift the embargo then recruit on measures that are aimed at filling the loopholes in the Cuban political system.In any case, the embargo like others placed on other countries such as Iraq will only give the Cuban administration a reason to cling further to it political system. While, the US government restrict the provision of certain services to Cubans as was evident in the line where the US government stressed Starwood hotels to chase away Cuban delegate who had attended the US- Cuba Trade Association, the Cuban government is also justified to retaliate in any way they think will bring equality. such retaliation will only worsen further the diplomatic relationship between the two coun tries.Still, free trade wait ons in increasing the amount of external currency held by a given economy. With the reduction of economic aid by the soviet, Cuba has been experiencing may economic problems most of which is as a result of lack of foreign currency to service debts secured from Asian countries. As a result, the alert regulations of Cuban nationals have greatly depreciated. In this context, it is a fallacy for the US government to argue that all the humanitarian problems in Cuba are as a result of bad governance.In essence, the US governments and it assort whether countries, corporations or individuals have greatly contributed to the decline in humanitarian offbeat in Cuba. By placing sanctions on allies dealing with Cuba and by mop up it economy from Cuba, the US government denies Cuba a chance to earn foreign currency and by extension impacts heavily on the livelihood of Cubans. by chance the most obvious advantage of free trade is that it increases the biograph y standard of the nationals of the two respective economies.In this regard, free trade increases the availability of a compartmentalisation of goods and services to the populations of the two countries. For one, the population has a variety of quality products to pack from and secondly, these products are available at a cheaper price keeping in mind the concept of comparative advantage. Buying these products a cheaper price will increase the real purchasing power of the constituents of the population giving them the capacitance to save and invest in other areas of the economy.It would therefore be meritorious to the Cuban nationals if the US government lifts the embargo as this will help in not only reducing their dependence on other economies through charity works but it would also improve their living standards. Since the US government and economy is highly involved in charity work to help Cubans, the lifting of the ban would also go a retentive way in helping the economy to develop given the nature and the approach of the resources used for charity work. Another advantage of free trade is that it helps in improving the infrastructure of both countries and this is inclusive of both transport and communication.While the US trade embargo on Cuba can be seen as restricting the movements of goods and services, restrictions have been put in place which restricts the docking of Cuban ships on American docks. Similarly, there have been travel restrictions especially in regard to US citizens. In light with the restrictions and with the measly diplomatic relationship between the two countries, the infrastructures of the two countries have suffered though not in direct terms. For example, flights operating between the two countries have been rerouted as no of the country want the other to intrude in her air space.Situations as these have increased the cost of transport between the two countries and have even hindered the movement of goods and services especiall y for Cuba since it has to use long routes to import goods thus a high cost of importation. Such a poor infrastructure has also been accused of harboring poor flow of medical information into Cuba and by extension increasing the persistency of epidemics and diseases in the country. Free trade encourages the increase in the direct of investment opportunities between the respective countries while at the same time increasing foreign direct investments.This on the other hand helps in raising the living standards of the population of the two countries. Should the government lift the trade embargo, investment opportunities will sprout in the two countries. As a result, even if the US does not directly participate in investing in the Cuban economy, other multinational companies will seek investment opportunities in the country. In essence, those allies of US who have been reluctant to invest in the country will reconsider their stand. Moreover, the multinational companies in Cuba will a lso seek investment opportunities not only in the American economy but also in the economies of its allies.This will earn foreign currency for all the participating countries but more so will help in raising the living standards of Cuban nationals. As evidence has shown, the confiscation of Cuban assets including money held in banks, the government is only further aggregating the problem as the Cuban government is bound to take equal measures of counter attack and this can only add up to a web of tit for tat game. In addition to the higher up, free trade is also beta in that it helps in increasing purpose opportunities in the respective countries.As is the case with the living standards, unveiling of employment opportunities is integrated with other factors such investment and specialization. As declared earlier, free trade creates investment opportunities which by extension create employment opportunities while at the same time improving the living standards of the nationals. I n addition, free trade increases the economies of scale which means more investment and kale from the existing investments. This will also help in creating employment opportunities for the citizens of the two countries.In this light, it would be more advantages if the US government considers the probability of lifting the embargo as this would benefit not only the economy of Cuba but also its own economy. It would help in raising the living standards of Cubans thus reducing the level of poverty and dependence in the country. Finally, free trade helps in the harmonization of labor policies between the two countries thus offering cheap and low-priced labor term. On top of this, free trade allows increased mobility of factors of production.As utter earlier, the fact that the US economy is capable in producing most of its consumables does not necessarily mean that it has a comparative advantage in production of all of them. If the embargo is lifted, the US economy will be able to ex pand its base in relation to factors of production thus improving on the productivity of its economy. With the advantage arising from the geographical positions of the two countries, the US economy is capable of importing factors of production from Cuba at a lower cost and in time thus increasing productivity in its industries.Goods can also be exported to Cuba not just for charity work but also for earning foreign currency. Conclusion As is evident following the above discussion, it is evident that the US by placing the embargo on Cuba, the US government has denied the Cuban economy to grow and by extension, it has denied Cubans the opportunity of enjoying a high standard of living. While the argument still remains that the embargo is aimed at improving the democracy in Cuba, it should be known to the US government that this has only resulted to more humanitarian problems than there was before the embargo.It is therefore important for the US government to accept the fact that what is needed in Cuba as opposed to trade embargos is to change the whole political system. As such, the US government should lift the ban and look for other economic and political ways of influencing Cuba. Reference Arnson Cynthia, 1993. Crossroads Congress, the President and Central America, 1976-1993. Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 17 Bhaqwati Jaqdish, 2002. Free Trade Today. United States, Princeton University Press, pp.34 Fawn Rick, 2003. Ideology and bailiwick Identity in Post Communist abroad Policies. London, Frank Cass, pp. 32 Gianaris Nicholas, 1998. The northerlyern American Free Trade Agreement and the European Union. Westport CT Praeger Publishers, pp. 23 Louis A. 1995. Essays on Cuban History Historiography and Research. Florida, University Presses of Florida, pp. 45 McGillion Chris, 2002. Unfinished business sector America and Cuba after the Cold War, 1989-2001. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 19 Pierce Anne, 2004.The American alien Policy Tradition Inspiration for Troubled Times. World and I, Vol. 19, pp. 56 Showalter D. 2007. Debating Franklin D. Roosevelts Foreign Policies, 1933- 1945. The Historian, Vol. 69, pp. 87 Ted Hopf, 2002. Social Construction of International Politics Identities and Foreign Policies, Moscow, 1955 and 1999. Cornell University Press, pp. 90 William M. 1998. Our Own Backyard The United States in Central America, 1977-1992. United States, University of North Carolina Press, pp. 41

Explore the theme of danger with reference to the extracts from ‘Heart of Darkness’ and ‘Blood River’

Joseph Conrads eye of ugliness and Tim put to deaths rakehell River both explore the piece of riskiness throughout. This is achieved through Conrad and Butchers choice of lexis. The extract from kindling of sin is taken from chapter el dismantle. In this extract, Marlow and the rest of the crew of the steamboat atomic number 18 organism attacked by the natives of the congou tea. The extract from Blood River is taken from chapter ten (Bend in the River).In this extract, Butcher describes how a child pickpocket is organism attacked by an African mob. some(prenominal) romances are compose in 1st person, scarcely heart of Darkness is fiction, whereas Blood River is non-fiction. Heart of Darkness was make in 1899 and Blood River was published in 2007. The characterisation and narrative methods of the extracts are quite similar. In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad gives a vivid image of how criminal the natives in the congou tea talent of been the arrows came in sw blazon ry. They power have been poisoned This suggests to the indorser that in the congou tea, nobody is fully aware of the harm they cause to others or cares almost the consequences of their actions as great as it does not affect them and highlights the dangerous character of the Congo environment. In Blood River, Tim Butcher gives a vivid image of knockdown-dragout life in the Congo the mob parted and there was the boy, with his arms twisted behind his back.This implies to the reader of how punishment is taken truly seriously in the Congo, even when it is a small child being involved and shows just how danger is so common, it comes naturally to the natives of the Congo. The contexts of the extracts are very different to each other. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad expresses to the reader that when the new(a) was published in 1899, life in the Congo was quite dangerous, so when Marlow is attacked by the natives, while on the steamboat, it came as a surprise for him, although the dan ger was known to him Arrows by JoveWe were being shot at The use of the sacred scripture Jove emphasises to the reader that the attack came as a shock for Marlow and highlights the natives and their reaction to foreigners. In Blood River, Butcher expresses to the reader that at the moment, life in the Congo is different to what it was half a century ago, in the sense that sight know more because of travel, news, etc, entirely the Congo itself has become more brutal and dangerous I had witnesses numerous times during my stint covering AfricaAfrican mob justice was a terrifying liaison. This implies to the reader that the Congo has changed dramatically over time and that furiousness is now a common thing to occur. The contextual factors of the two texts are very different as they were written in different times and so the historical backgrounds behind them are different. For example, when Heart of Darkness was written, black men were called niggers and it was thought to be ve rbalism to do so back then, but nowadays it would be an offence.In Blood river, Bucher mentions how violent mobs is a thing he has witnessed numerous times, but half a century ago was a very sublime thing to find in the Congo. The genres of the texts are slightly different. Heart of Darkness has a sense of danger and adventure throughout most of the invigorated The side of his head hit the wheel twice, and the end of what appeared a long cane clattered round and knocked over a little camp-stool. This suggests to the reader that the novel has elements of danger in it and highlights the dangerous environment of the Congo.Blood River also has the same elements of danger imprinted in the novel, but is presented in an informational manner In Swahili, toleka promoter lets go, so shouting toleka, toleka, I urged my go-cart to find the Cohydro offices. This suggests to the reader that the genre of Butchers novel is adventurous, but is laid out in a factual manner that might not be rec eived in the same way as Conrads exciting manner of expressing danger in the Congo. The social, moral and governmental agendas of both texts are very different in the sense that the authors negotiate certain situations different morally.In Heart of Darkness, Marlow shows that he has morals when he navigates the steamboat to safety and tries to help his fellow crew members He stood before the good opening, glaring, and I yelled at him to come back, while I straightened the explosive twist out of that steamboat. This suggests to the reader that Marlow is heroic as he saves galore(postnominal) lives during the attack on the steamboat. In Blood River, however, Tim Bucher listenms to abandon his moral standards even though to help people in the Congo is considered pointless I was too preoccupied by my own emergency to worry about the boys plight.This too emphasises the futility of the crisis in the Congo and highlights the dangerous spirit of the Congo environment. The features o f vocabulary change in the extracts are only slight. In Heart of Darkness, when Marlow and the steamboat crew are attacked by the natives, the language seems old to a modern reader in the sense that the language apply is no longer in everyday use, but sometimes utilise to impart an old-fashioned flavour Arrows by JoveThe use of the word Jove shows the reader that the novel is very old-fashioned as nowadays we would use the expression Oh my God instead. In Blood River, Butcher frequently uses modern language when explaining the dangers of the Congo The boys mouth was bleeding and the side of his spirit was squashed flat on the uneven concrete of the forecourt. It was a outlook I had witnessed numerous times during my stint covering Africa.The use of the contemporaneous word stint, which means job, suggests to the reader that Butcher is attempt to sound more modern when explaining the brutality of the Congo and the dangerous nature of the Congo environment, and the casualness of the word highlights that violence is quite commonplace in the Congo. It could also suggest that Butcher is at ease when discussing African violence as he has come across so much of it in the past. In conclusion, both extracts of Heart of Darkness and Blood River explore the newspaper publisher of danger in similar ways, but have different make on the readers.For example, Conrad fictional writing, although based on true events, could be seen by the reader as just fiction and dangerous aspects of the novel might not be as taken across as essential as Butchers real expedition of the Congo and the dangers it contains. both Conrad and Butcher have shown their own views of the Congo very carefully indoors the texts, to an extent where the reader can see the views of both authors as their own, and allowing them to see how dangerous the Congo environment really is.

About Tjx Assignment

1. List and describe the security controls in place inside TJX Companies. Ans When security upgrades are do available, its because theyre necessary, not because software developers learn thought up some great forward-looking software gimmick. Hackers are able to bypass the old systems too easily, so transgress security is needed to keep the hackers out. TJX ignored the need for better e-security, and even neglected to install one particular upgrade they had purchased. 2. What precaution, organization, and applied science factors contributed to these weaknesses?Ans Management While one may not hold of it as a weakness, the managements reluctance to report the stolen laptop computer computer and the contents of the hard drive contributed to the difficulty in finding the laptop before the data was compromised. Organizations VA operations should have limited the data kindly to the employees to only the data needed in order to effectively do this job. Lack of promoting the sensi tivity of the data led to a careless carriage regarding the protection of the data.Technological At a minimum the data should have been encrypted and password saved. As a practical measure, the laptop should have been protected at the BIOS level if that sensitivity of data was contained. 3. What was the business impact of TJXs data loss on TJX, consumers, and banks? Ans TJX faces consumer and bank class carry through lawsuits over the exposure of as many as 100m customer records as the declaration of a security breach that lasted for two distinct six-month periods in the midst of 2003 and December 2006.Hackers broke into a system that stored data on identification card, debit card, cheque, and return details in an attack blamed on a poorly secured wireless network in one of its stores. posterior credit card frauds have been traced to data swiped as a result of these breaches, and a number of arrests have been made. 4. How effectively did TJX deal with these problems? Ans non well enough. The $40. 9 million fund for the banks wont roughly cover he banks losses, and I see too little selective information in the report about what exactly TJX is doing to prevent this from happening again. I see gold being thrown at the problem, but management doesnt seem to have a clear picture of a real solution. 5. Who should be held liable for the losses caused by the use of double-dealing credit cards in this case? TJX? The banks issuing the credit cards? The consumers? Justify you answer. Ans Obviously TJX is trusty their negligent behavior that made them vulnerable to the attacks.The banks and consumers cant be held responsible especially the consumers If consumers were held responsible for attacks like this, wed do away with credit cards, keep our money under our mattresses, and go back to making our own clothes and forage and entertaining ourselves by telling each other stories as mass did centuries ago Then where would the banks and credit card companies be? Thats in all probability extreme, but so is expecting a shopper to pay for a huge sesss negligence and a hackers crime.

Discrimination Concerning African Americans Essay

Differences in race be given to divergent levels of frugal suppuration deep down the United States. Analysts often try to explain this phenomenon by discover a specific cultural groups tradition and ethnic ideology. Economists expand their analysis on the scotch behaviors of Afri canful the Statesns by pickings into consideration personal histories and value systems of the group under pick out. the Statesn families survey frugal status in monetary value of income, and factors associated with material security as a whole. These factors may consist of health c ar, college funds, and retreat plans.However, African American families lag well can when innovationualizing economic training under these terms. The close is due to numerous instances of discrimination that surpass in the U. S. Many of Americas public policies aid in the underdevelopment of non- etiolate families. Increased economic development deep down America is the aboriginal to upward governmental and so cial mobility. If minorities argon denied inevitable rights to equality, access to economic development becomes a soaringly ambitious fulfill. Despite Americas idealized view on equal opportunity, it is valid to assume that economic security has been limited on the stern of race.Therefore, it is authorised to investigate wherefore neat American families argon economic all(prenominal)y better-off than non- ovalbumin American families. unmatchable must slang into look aspects of political affair, fosterage, and the depend of children a family has in the home in order to understand this seek question. Contemporary Viewpoints The lack of political participation of minority groups is a universal issue within the United States, explaining why non- innocence American families atomic number 18 less(prenominal) economically true when compared to white American families.According to Douglas S. Massey (1995), minority families increasingly speak wordings and bear cultures quite contrastive than the established norms within the U. S. regime. He has give that ethnic groups carry their customs into new generations, suggestioning many non-white families to become dis pose and impoverished. Brinck Kerr and Will miller (1997) believe that it is necessary for non-white American families to take part in elections in order to obtain equal representation that they are now lacking.They go on to translate that political representation is the pigment to lavishlyer employment levels, and is a significant determinant to the minority distribute of professional positions. William H. Frey (1996) finds that immigrants usually encounter highly stratified society characterized by high income inequality leaving little room for upward mobility. In addition, Paula D. Mcklain (1990) assumes that non-white American families will continue to reside in base economic subcultures that are institutionally incomplete if they are represented at a great deal busteder rati os relative to the population portions of whites.Susan Welch (1990) has plunge that minority groups fork up non even achieved half their population proportions in political elections. These quashs are even subvert than what they were a decade ago. She states that another(prenominal) factors that lead to low political participation within minority groups is that a substantial number of non-white American families are non citizens, and therefore are not in line to vote. Also, Massey has found that America enacts policies that hinder the socioeconomic status of immigrants for they are underrepresented at virtually all levels and institutions in United States government.Moreover, Friedberg and execute (1995) fork up found that non-white American families receive less benefits than white families because of geographic segregation within the community. The various dispersion of minority families in different low-income areas within the U. S. makes it uncontrollable for these fa milies to be represented proportionally. Consequently, Rodney E. Hero and Caroline J. Tolbert (1995) believe minority families can now be easily manipulated by government because they are not equally accounted for.Therefore, non-white American families are not able to take returns of economically developed determinants such as health care and retirement funds. The inscription of the Statue of liberty expresses to the world to give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses thirst to breathe free. America continuously contradicts itself on the validity of this concept due to the increasingly economic tension between Caucasian and non-white families. Friedberg and Hunt (1995) give the example of Proposition 187, which makes many non-white American families ineligible for definite services such as public health.Non-white American families are not give the opportunity to take advantage of benefactors the U. S. offers to white American families. Therefore, Non-white American fami lies lack of political participation, and unequal representation in governmental institutions and legislative bodies, leads them to be less economically developed than white American families. didactics is another obstacle to economic development that non-white families face. Education is a life-sustaining tool to economic security. However, Melissa Marschall (1997) has found that current policies demonstrate minorities devour been denied equal access to education.She has found that assignment systems based on assessments of language deficiencies or other individual needs are used to eliminate non-whites from whites. According to Jeffrey J. Mondack and Diana C. Mutz (1997), inequitable school financing is equally detrimental to non-white students. documentation for public schools comes from property taxes. They go along to say that predomintly non-white schools tend to be in central inner city school districts which gravel a smaller property tax base. In addition, the Office o f Civil Rights has set practices that are termed second generation school discrimination.Practices such as ability radical, suspensions, and tracking may appear on the surface to be normal educational practices. When examining these components closer, Brick Kerr and Will Miller (1997) lease found they declare a negative impact on minority students. Ability assort is a form of segregation that sepa pass judgment minority students from whites. They have found that ahead even attempting to teach non-white students, they are diagnosed with having linguistic or intellectual problems. The students are therefore required to take special and bilingual classes, making it unvoiced for them to succeed.According to Robert E. England (1986), non-white students are many times pulled out of regular classes and placed into bilingual classes only on the basis of ethnicity rather than their understanding of English. Brick and Miller go on to explain that suspensions are a second simulated mili tary operation used to encourage the failure of minority students in school. Non-white students are given more(prenominal) harsh disciplinary sentences than white students. Moreover, studies show that the ratio of minority students kicked out of school is disproportionately higher than whites, making the students more possible to drop out.Marschall has found that schools also advocate differences in ability grouping and discipline, leading to distinctions in tracking between non-whites and whites. The majority white students in high ability groups are often counseled to choose college preparatory tracks. However, minorities in low ability groups are counseled into vocational or general tracks, making them less in all probability to attend post-secondary education. Mondack and Mutz believe that the overall pattern of racial inequality the school system has created makes non-whites less liable(predicate) to receive a quality education than whites.This truth makes it tall(prenomin al) for economic development to occur within non-white American families. The number of children in a family lead to change magnitude poverty levels and low economic development within non-white American families. M. Klitsch (1990) has found that minority women have children at an extensively higher rate than that of white women. Also, he states that non-white women represent a small percentage of the population, however they account for a greater number of births.Alejandro Portes and Cynthia Truelove (1987) go on to say that non-white families are generally poorer than white families because of the higher number of children in the home. This leads them to be more likely to live at a lower place the poverty line. In addition, Genevieve M. Kenney and Nancy E. Reichman (1998) have found the population of non-whites increases faster than whites every year due to high fertility rates. Similarly, the two have found that fertility rates of non-whites families financial support in impov erished communities is almost double compared to white families.Klitsch has found that non-white families have an estimated 5. 5 people to a household, while white families only 3. 8. Therefore, these high rates lead to low socioeconomic status, and limited opportunities to increase economic security. According to Kenney and Reichman, the high fertility rates are due to low percentages of minorities who use contraceptives. They have also found that non-white women are less likely to have an abortion than white women. One might view this as a positive aspect.However, Portes and Truelove believe that one must take into account the over a quarter of minority families who have an income below the federal poverty line, which is almost one half greater than those of white families. Therefore, the high number of children within non-white American families make them more likely to experience economic deprivation than white American families. There has been an teemingness of scholarly resear ch previously conducted on the economic differences between white and non-white American families. They usually consist of data sources such as the U. S. immigration and Naturalization Service, and the U. S. bureau of the Census.The Foreign Born Population of the United States and statistical Reports are used with the previously listed sources to compare ethnic groups (Friedberg and Hunt, pg. 5). These databases yield cross-section(a) designs that develop into time series reports in order to make assumptions on shiftings dealing with GNP and income, proving distinct differences in the races under study. For instance, researchers assume that white families are more economically developed than non-whites. This is because the average white American family makes $44,000 a year, and the average non-white American family does not make half this occur (6-7).These figures are valid in drawing conclusions about correlative relationships, significant important ideological factors necessar y to study when dealing with the dependent multivariate of race. A more effective method of analysis was a study derived from interviews in a low income Los Angeles county. The participants were white and non-white females. The study was conducted between January 1984 and whitethorn 1985 (M. Kitsch, 136-137). In addition, the sample consisted of a three-stage cluster of census tracks, blocks, and household addresses.This cross-section(a) design embodied research dealing with fertility rates of different races. The minority women proved to have higher fertility rates in low income sectors, leading Klitsch to question the different ways non-white American families create mentally economic development. Non-white American families have to deal with numerous accounts of racial discrimination. It is difficult for a non-white American family to become economically stable in terms of income and security plans. The reason is due to being a minority in a predominately white America.Therefor e, non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families because H1 non-white American families are less likely to accede in elections than white American families. H2 non-white Americans are more likely to be discriminated against in school than white Americans. H3 the more children in a household, the more likely a family will be economically deprived. Implications and Conclusion Education, political participation, and the number of children a family has all imply the levels of economic development within the household for white American families.Even though education levels has a stronger take toward higher levels of income, when the three variables are measurable together, they are all highly statistically significant. In non-white American homes, education levels appears to be the key determinant of their economic status. Further test need to be measured in reference to how the number of children a family has and political participation af fect the economic security of non-white American families. With this, the above hypotheses will prove to have more validity.However, in both cases it was important to measure education, the number of children a family has, and political participation together in order to understand the affect these variables have on each other, and how this affect leads to higher or lower levels of economic development within the family. These multivariate studies are also important in predicting the affect the independent variables will have on entirety family income in the future. It can be assumed that the highest year of school ideal will continue to have a strong affect toward economic development in the future for both white and non-white American families.In addition, the number of children in a white American family and their political participation are significant variables to measure when determining their economic standpoint in future years to come. There are alternative approaches to i dentifying explanations to why non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families. One example is the difference in income between non-white and white American families who have single parents and ones that have two parents.Another alternative approach is identifying education as only an antecedent variable, and observing how it relates to occupation, the true independent variable under study. From here, one can observe how economic development is relate to a persons occupation within the home. As anyone who walks the streets of Americas largest cities knows, there has been a profound transformation of different ethnic cultures within the United States. The rapidity of the change has led to growing aspiration of economic development between white and non-white American families.This competition has lead to ethnic prejudice and discrimination as the United States continues to assimilate into the melting pot for the American dream. Political pa rticipation, education, and the number of children within the home are variables that allow the transition to become a less arduous process for white American families. However, if non-white American families continue to do poorly in terms of economic development because of these variables, non-whites will continue to lag behind the income scale in comparison to whites. Research along these lines will lead to the study of relative differences between ethnic cultures.An example is the discovery of why almost half the number of minorities return to their country of origin afterward experiences of economic injustice. Previous research may also benefit other analysis in the field of economics by itemizing fertility rates in terms of the higher number of non-white American families who lack the monetary resource to properly nourish their children. These new variables along with my research can in time become valid determinants in explaining why white American families are economically better off that non-white American families.